Winter Weather at Kayes Airport Mali

Daily high temperatures increase by 4°F, from 94°F to 99°F, rarely falling below 83°F or exceeding 104°F. The lowest daily average high temperature is 90°F on January 8.

Daily low temperatures increase by 4°F, from 68°F to 73°F, rarely falling below 59°F or exceeding 78°F. The lowest daily average low temperature is 65°F on January 6.

For reference, on April 29, the hottest day of the year, temperatures at Kayes Airport typically range from 85°F to 107°F, while on January 5, the coldest day of the year, they range from 65°F to 90°F.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average winter temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Kassala, Sudan (3,188 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Kayes Airport (view comparison).

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The winter at Kayes Airport experiences rapidly decreasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy decreasing from 53% to 37%.

The clearest day of the winter is February 28, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 63% of the time.

For reference, on August 31, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 73%, while on March 1, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 64%.

Over the course of the winter at Kayes Airport, the length of the day is increasing. From the start to the end of the season, the length of the day increases by 31 minutes, implying an average daily increase of 21 seconds, and weekly increase of 2 minutes, 26 seconds.

The shortest day of the winter is December 21, with 11 hours, 16 minutes of daylight and the longest day is February 28, with 11 hours, 51 minutes of daylight.

The earliest sunrise of the winter at Kayes Airport is 6:54 AM on December 1 and the latest sunrise is 20 minutes later at 7:14 AM on January 22.

The earliest sunset is 6:14 PM on December 1 and the latest sunset is 39 minutes later at 6:53 PM on February 28.

Daylight saving time is not observed at Kayes Airport during 2024.

For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 6:17 AM and sets 12 hours, 59 minutes later, at 7:16 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 7:05 AM and sets 11 hours, 16 minutes later, at 6:22 PM.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for the winter of 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The chance that a given day will be muggy at Kayes Airport is essentially constant during the winter, remaining within 1% of 1% throughout.

The lowest chance of a muggy day during the winter is 0% on January 27.

For reference, on August 12, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 100% of the time, while on January 27, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed at Kayes Airport is increasing during the winter, increasing from 8.5 miles per hour to 10.4 miles per hour over the course of the season.

For reference, on January 30, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 10.7 miles per hour, while on October 17, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 5.2 miles per hour.

The highest daily average wind speed during the winter is 10.7 miles per hour on January 31.

The hourly average wind direction at Kayes Airport throughout the winter is predominantly from the east, with a peak proportion of 76% on December 21.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

Temperatures at Kayes Airport are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms. We nevertheless include the chart below as an illustration of the distribution of temperatures experienced throughout the year.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

The average accumulated growing degree days at Kayes Airport are very rapidly decreasing during the winter, decreasing by 9,230°F, from 10,843°F to 1,613°F, over the course of the season.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy at Kayes Airport is rapidly increasing during the winter, rising by 1.5 kWh, from 4.9 kWh to 6.4 kWh, over the course of the season.

The lowest average daily incident shortwave solar energy during the winter is 4.9 kWh on December 13.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Kayes Airport are 14.481 deg latitude, -11.404 deg longitude, and 177 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Kayes Airport is essentially flat, with a maximum elevation change of 82 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 171 feet. Within 10 miles is essentially flat (912 feet). Within 50 miles also contains very significant variations in elevation (1,522 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Kayes Airport is covered by grassland (42%) and cropland (31%), within 10 miles by grassland (41%) and cropland (30%), and within 50 miles by trees (37%) and shrubs (25%).