December Weather in Coração de Maria BrazilDaily high temperatures are around 93°F, rarely falling below 86°F or exceeding 99°F. Daily low temperatures are around 70°F, rarely falling below 67°F or exceeding 74°F. For reference, on January 29, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Coração de Maria typically range from 71°F to 94°F, while on August 1, the coldest day of the year, they range from 64°F to 83°F. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on December. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. Ciro Redondo, Cuba (3,600 miles away); Monción, Dominican Republic (3,109 miles); and Ngerengere, Tanzania (5,243 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Coração de Maria (view comparison). CloudsThe month of December in Coração de Maria experiences gradually decreasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy decreasing from 64% to 59%. The highest chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 65% on December 6. The clearest day of the month is December 31, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 41% of the time. For reference, on December 5, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 65%, while on July 9, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 77%. PrecipitationA wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Coração de Maria, the chance of a wet day over the course of December is decreasing, starting the month at 24% and ending it at 19%. For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 46% on June 3, and its lowest chance is 16% on October 16. RainfallTo show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day rainfall during December in Coração de Maria is decreasing, starting the month at 2.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 5.3 inches or falls below 0.1 inches, and ending the month at 1.7 inches, when it rarely exceeds 4.0 inches or falls below 0.2 inches. SunOver the course of December in Coração de Maria, the length of the day is essentially constant. The shortest day of the month is December 1, with 12 hours, 48 minutes of daylight and the longest day is December 21, with 12 hours, 51 minutes of daylight. The earliest sunrise of the month in Coração de Maria is 5:00 AM on December 1 and the latest sunrise is 13 minutes later at 5:13 AM on December 31. The earliest sunset is 5:48 PM on December 1 and the latest sunset is 15 minutes later at 6:03 PM on December 31. Daylight saving time is not observed in Coração de Maria during 2024. For reference, on December 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:07 AM and sets 12 hours, 51 minutes later, at 5:58 PM, while on June 20, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 5:54 AM and sets 11 hours, 24 minutes later, at 5:18 PM. The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation. MoonThe figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for December 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.
HumidityWe base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The chance that a given day will be muggy in Coração de Maria is essentially constant during December, remaining within 1% of 91% throughout. For reference, on April 18, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 97% of the time, while on August 4, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 69% of the time. WindThis section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed in Coração de Maria is essentially constant during December, remaining around 7.6 miles per hour throughout. For reference, on October 22, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 8.1 miles per hour, while on April 2, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 6.9 miles per hour. The hourly average wind direction in Coração de Maria throughout December is predominantly from the east, with a peak proportion of 93% on December 28. Water TemperatureCoração de Maria is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water. The average surface water temperature in Coração de Maria is essentially constant during December, remaining around 80°F throughout. Growing SeasonDefinitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). Temperatures in Coração de Maria are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms. We nevertheless include the chart below as an illustration of the distribution of temperatures experienced throughout the year. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. The average accumulated growing degree days in Coração de Maria are rapidly increasing during December, increasing by 868°F, from 3,859°F to 4,727°F, over the course of the month. Solar EnergyThis section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Coração de Maria is essentially constant during December, remaining around 7.1 kWh throughout. TopographyFor the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Coração de Maria are -12.233 deg latitude, -38.750 deg longitude, and 709 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Coração de Maria contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 400 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 709 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (1,040 feet). Within 50 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (2,149 feet). The area within 2 miles of Coração de Maria is covered by cropland (42%), grassland (22%), trees (18%), and shrubs (17%), within 10 miles by cropland (28%) and trees (27%), and within 50 miles by trees (28%) and cropland (28%). Data SourcesThis report illustrates the typical weather in Coração de Maria, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Temperature and Dew PointThere is only a single weather station, Salvador International Airport, Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães, in our network suitable to be used as a proxy for the historical temperature and dew point records of Coração de Maria. At a distance of 88 kilometers from Coração de Maria, closer than our threshold of 150 kilometers, this station is deemed sufficiently nearby to be relied upon as our primary source for temperature and dew point records. The station records are corrected for the elevation difference between the station and Coração de Maria according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations. Please note that the station records themselves may additionally have been back-filled using other nearby stations or the MERRA-2 reanalysis. Other DataAll data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus. All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database . Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com . Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors. DisclaimerThe information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. 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