Fall Weather at Brookings Municipal Airport United StatesDaily high temperatures decrease by 43°F, from 77°F to 33°F, rarely falling below 18°F or exceeding 87°F. Daily low temperatures decrease by 39°F, from 56°F to 17°F, rarely falling below 1°F or exceeding 66°F. For reference, on July 18, the hottest day of the year, temperatures at Brookings Municipal Airport typically range from 62°F to 83°F, while on January 15, the coldest day of the year, they range from 7°F to 24°F. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average fall temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. Talghar, Kazakhstan (6,380 miles away); Jiayuguan, China (6,557 miles); and Hohhot, China (6,303 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Brookings Municipal Airport (view comparison). CloudsThe fall at Brookings Municipal Airport experiences very rapidly increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 31% to 53%. The clearest day of the fall is September 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 69% of the time. For reference, on February 4, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 57%, while on July 26, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 75%. PrecipitationA wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. At Brookings Municipal Airport, the chance of a wet day over the course of the fall is very rapidly decreasing, starting the season at 28% and ending it at 8%. For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 41% on June 8, and its lowest chance is 4% on January 30. Over the course of the fall at Brookings Municipal Airport, the chance of a day with only rain decreases from 28% to 2%, the chance of a day with mixed snow and rain remains an essentially constant 1% throughout, and the chance of a day with only snow increases from 0% to 5%. RainfallTo show variation within the season and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day rainfall during the fall at Brookings Municipal Airport is very rapidly decreasing, starting the season at 2.4 inches, when it rarely exceeds 4.7 inches or falls below 0.7 inches, and ending the season at 0.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 0.7 inches. SnowfallAs with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day snowfall during the fall at Brookings Municipal Airport is rapidly increasing, starting the season at 0.0 inches, when it rarely exceeds -0.0 inches or falls below -0.0 inches, and ending the season at 3.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 8.5 inches. The highest average 31-day accumulation is 3.3 inches on November 28. SunOver the course of the fall at Brookings Municipal Airport, the length of the day is very rapidly decreasing. From the start to the end of the season, the length of the day decreases by 4 hours, 4 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 2 minutes, 43 seconds, and weekly decrease of 19 minutes, 1 second. The shortest day of the fall is November 30, with 9 hours, 7 minutes of daylight and the longest day is September 1, with 13 hours, 12 minutes of daylight. The earliest sunrise of the fall at Brookings Municipal Airport is 6:50 AM on September 1 and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 16 minutes later at 8:06 AM on November 2. The latest sunset is 8:02 PM on September 1 and the earliest sunset is 3 hours, 13 minutes earlier at 4:49 PM on November 30. Daylight saving time (DST) starts at 1:00 AM on November 3, 2024, shifting sunrise and sunset to be an hour later. For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:43 AM and sets 15 hours, 32 minutes later, at 9:14 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 8:00 AM and sets 8 hours, 51 minutes later, at 4:51 PM. The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation. MoonThe figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for the fall of 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon. HumidityWe base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The chance that a given day will be muggy at Brookings Municipal Airport is rapidly decreasing during the fall, falling from 12% to 0% over the course of the season. For reference, on July 24, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 25% of the time, while on October 22, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time. WindThis section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed at Brookings Municipal Airport is increasing during the fall, increasing from 10.7 miles per hour to 12.0 miles per hour over the course of the season. For reference, on April 7, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 13.5 miles per hour, while on July 30, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 9.3 miles per hour. The wind direction at Brookings Municipal Airport during the fall is predominantly out of the south from September 1 to November 20 and the west from November 20 to November 30. Growing SeasonDefinitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). The growing season at Brookings Municipal Airport typically lasts for 4.9 months (150 days), from around May 2 to around September 28, rarely starting before April 14 or after May 20, and rarely ending before September 11 or after October 17. During the fall at Brookings Municipal Airport, the chance that a given day is within the growing season is very rapidly decreasing falling from 99% to 0% over the course of the season. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. The average accumulated growing degree days at Brookings Municipal Airport are rapidly increasing during the fall, increasing by 450°F, from 2,162°F to 2,612°F, over the course of the season. Solar EnergyThis section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy at Brookings Municipal Airport is very rapidly decreasing during the fall, falling by 3.8 kWh, from 5.6 kWh to 1.8 kWh, over the course of the season. TopographyFor the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Brookings Municipal Airport are 44.305 deg latitude, -96.813 deg longitude, and 1,611 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Brookings Municipal Airport is essentially flat, with a maximum elevation change of 95 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 1,615 feet. Within 10 miles is essentially flat (213 feet). Within 50 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (955 feet). The area within 2 miles of Brookings Municipal Airport is covered by cropland (70%) and artificial surfaces (26%), within 10 miles by cropland (91%), and within 50 miles by cropland (89%). Data SourcesThis report illustrates the typical weather at Brookings Municipal Airport, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Temperature and Dew PointBrookings Municipal Airport has a weather station that reported reliably enough during the analysis period that we have included it in our network. When available, historical temperature and dew point measurements are taken directly from this weather station. These records are obtained from NOAA's Integrated Surface Hourly data set, falling back on ICAO METAR records as required. In the case of missing or erroneous measurements from this station, we fall back on records from nearby stations, adjusted according to typical seasonal and diurnal intra-station differences. For a given day of the year and hour of the day, the fallback station is selected to minimize the prediction error over the years for which there are measurements for both stations. The stations on which we may fall back include but are not limited to Madison Municipal Airport; Pipestone Municipal Airport; Myers Field Airport; Watertown Municipal Airport; Joe Foss Field; Luverne, Quentin Aanenson Field Airport; Marshall, Southwest Minnesota Regional Airport - Marshall/Ryan Field; and Madison-Lac Qui Parle County Airport. Other DataAll data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus. All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database . Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com . Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors. DisclaimerThe information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader. Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page. |