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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Jerusalem Israel

In Jerusalem, the summers are long, warm, arid, and clear and the winters are cold and mostly clear. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 41°F to 85°F and is rarely below 35°F or above 91°F.

Based on the beach/pool score, the best time of year to visit Jerusalem for hot-weather activities is from late June to mid September.

Climate in Jerusalem

coldcoolwarmhotwarmcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow100%100%71%71%clearprecipitation: 1.8 inprecipitation: 1.8 in0.0 in0.0 inmuggy: 14%muggy: 14%0%0%drydrybeach/pool score: 8.8beach/pool score: 8.80.00.0
Jerusalem weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The hot season lasts for 4.5 months, from May 24 to October 7, with an average daily high temperature above 79°F. The hottest month of the year in Jerusalem is August, with an average high of 85°F and low of 66°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.1 months, from December 6 to March 9, with an average daily high temperature below 59°F. The coldest month of the year in Jerusalem is January, with an average low of 41°F and high of 53°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Jerusalem

Average High and Low Temperature in JerusalemhotcoolcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FJan 2553°FJan 2553°FAug 785°FAug 785°F41°F41°F66°F66°FMay 2479°FMay 2479°FOct 779°FOct 779°FDec 659°FDec 659°FMar 959°FMar 959°F58°F58°F61°F61°F46°F46°F45°F45°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 53°F55°F61°F70°F77°F82°F84°F85°F82°F76°F66°F57°F
Temp. 47°F48°F53°F61°F67°F72°F75°F75°F72°F67°F58°F50°F
Low 41°F42°F46°F51°F57°F62°F65°F66°F63°F59°F51°F44°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Jerusalem

Average Hourly Temperature in JerusalemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowvery coldcoldcoldcoolcoolcomfortablewarmcoldvery cold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

La Plata, Argentina (7,600 miles away) and Mallala, Australia (8,115 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Jerusalem (view comparison).

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Compare Jerusalem to another city:

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In Jerusalem, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Jerusalem begins around May 22 and lasts for 4.8 months, ending around October 15.

The clearest month of the year in Jerusalem is August, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 100% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around October 15 and lasts for 7.2 months, ending around May 22.

The cloudiest month of the year in Jerusalem is December, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 28% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Jerusalem

Cloud Cover Categories in JerusalemclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jun 28100%Jun 28100%Dec 1171%Dec 1171%May 2285%May 2285%Oct 1586%Oct 1586%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudyovercastmostly cloudy
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 25%23%22%23%17%3%0%0%2%14%25%28%
Clearer 75%77%78%77%83%97%100%100%98%86%75%72%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Jerusalem varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 4.5 months, from November 8 to March 23, with a greater than 12% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Jerusalem is January, with an average of 6.5 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 7.5 months, from March 23 to November 8. The month with the fewest wet days in Jerusalem is July, with an average of 0.0 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Jerusalem is January, with an average of 6.4 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 23% on February 2.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Jerusalem

Daily Chance of Precipitation in JerusalemwetwetdryJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Feb 224%Feb 224%Jun 250%Jun 250%Nov 812%Nov 812%Mar 2312%Mar 2312%NowNowrain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 6.4d5.8d3.9d1.5d0.4d0.0d0.0d0.1d0.1d1.3d3.7d5.2d
Mixed 0.1d0.2d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d
Any 6.5d6.0d4.0d1.5d0.4d0.0d0.0d0.1d0.1d1.3d3.7d5.3d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Jerusalem experiences some seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 5.4 months, from October 26 to April 7, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The month with the most rain in Jerusalem is January, with an average rainfall of 1.8 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 6.6 months, from April 7 to October 26. The month with the least rain in Jerusalem is July, with an average rainfall of 0.0 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Jerusalem

Average Monthly Rainfall in JerusalemrainrainJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in1 in1 in2 in2 in3 in3 in4 in4 inJan 71.8 inJan 71.8 inJul 100.0 inJul 100.0 inOct 260.5 inOct 260.5 inApr 70.5 inApr 70.5 inNowNow
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 1.8″1.6″1.1″0.3″0.1″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.3″0.9″1.6″

The length of the day in Jerusalem varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 10 hours, 4 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 14 hours, 14 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Jerusalem

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in JerusalemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 6 minMar 2012 hr, 6 minMar 2014 hr, 14 minJun 2014 hr, 14 minJun 2012 hr, 8 minSep 2212 hr, 8 minSep 2210 hr, 4 minDec 2110 hr, 4 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 10.3h11.1h12.0h13.0h13.8h14.2h14.0h13.3h12.3h11.4h10.5h10.1h

The earliest sunrise is at 5:32 AM on March 28, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 18 minutes later at 6:50 AM on October 26. The earliest sunset is at 4:34 PM on December 3, and the latest sunset is 3 hours, 14 minutes later at 7:48 PM on June 30.

Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in Jerusalem during 2024, starting in the spring on March 29, lasting 6.9 months, and ending in the fall on October 27.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in Jerusalem

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in JerusalemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMMar 285:32 AMMar 285:32 AM7:48 PMJun 307:48 PMJun 30Dec 34:34 PMDec 34:34 PM6:50 AMOct 266:50 AMOct 26Mar 29DSTMar 29DSTDSTOct 27DSTOct 27daynightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Jerusalem

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in JerusalemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM00001010102020203030303040405050606070800001010101020202030303040404050506060707035NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Jerusalem

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Jerusalem experiences some seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 2.3 months, from July 12 to September 22, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 3% of the time. The month with the most muggy days in Jerusalem is August, with 3.9 days that are muggy or worse.

The least muggy day of the year is February 20, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Jerusalem

Humidity Comfort Levels in JerusalemmuggyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Feb 200%Feb 200%Aug 1714%Aug 1714%Jul 123%Jul 123%Sep 223%Sep 223%NowNowmuggymuggyhumidhumidcomfortablecomfortabledrydry
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d1.5d3.9d1.7d0.2d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Jerusalem experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 3.7 months, from May 24 to September 16, with average wind speeds of more than 7.0 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Jerusalem is July, with an average hourly wind speed of 7.5 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 8.3 months, from September 16 to May 24. The calmest month of the year in Jerusalem is October, with an average hourly wind speed of 6.5 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Jerusalem

Average Wind Speed in JerusalemwindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mphJun 307.6 mphJun 307.6 mphOct 166.4 mphOct 166.4 mphMay 247.0 mphMay 247.0 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 6.87.17.06.86.97.47.57.37.06.56.66.6

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Jerusalem varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the north for 1.9 months, from September 10 to November 7, with a peak percentage of 53% on September 24. The wind is most often from the west for 6.0 days, from November 7 to November 13 and for 9.4 months, from November 29 to September 10, with a peak percentage of 33% on November 7. The wind is most often from the east for 2.3 weeks, from November 13 to November 29, with a peak percentage of 34% on November 26.

Wind Direction in Jerusalem

Wind Direction in JerusalemWNEWJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwesteastnorthsouth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Jerusalem is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences some seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 3.5 months, from July 1 to October 18, with an average temperature above 79°F. The month of the year in Jerusalem with the warmest water is August, with an average temperature of 82°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 3.9 months, from December 30 to April 27, with an average temperature below 67°F. The month of the year in Jerusalem with the coolest water is March, with an average temperature of 63°F.

Average Water Temperature in Jerusalem

Average Water Temperature in JerusalemwarmcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec60°F60°F65°F65°F70°F70°F75°F75°F80°F80°F85°F85°FAug 2283°FAug 2283°F63°FMar 263°FMar 2Jul 179°FJul 179°FOct 1879°FOct 1879°FDec 3067°FDec 3067°FApr 2767°FApr 2767°FNowNow
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
WaterJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Temperature 65°F63°F63°F66°F70°F76°F80°F82°F82°F79°F74°F69°F

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Jerusalem throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Jerusalem for general outdoor tourist activities is from mid May to late October, with a peak score in the second week of September.

Tourism Score in Jerusalem

Tourism Score in Jerusalembest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810109.19.11.51.59.09.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Jerusalem for hot-weather activities is from late June to mid September, with a peak score in the first week of August.

Beach/Pool Score in Jerusalem

Beach/Pool Score in Jerusalembest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810108.88.80.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

While it does not do so every year, freezing temperatures are seen in Jerusalem over some winters. The day least likely to be in the growing season is January 16, with a 64% chance.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Jerusalem

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Jerusalemgrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%90%Feb 2790%Feb 2790%Dec 2290%Dec 2264%Jan 1664%Jan 16Aug 14100%Aug 14100%NowNowvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarmhot
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Jerusalem should appear around February 23, only rarely appearing before February 6 or after March 20.

Growing Degree Days in Jerusalem

Growing Degree Days in JerusalemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F1,000°F1,000°F2,000°F2,000°F3,000°F3,000°F4,000°F4,000°F5,000°F5,000°FFeb 2387°FFeb 2387°FMay 19900°FMay 19900°FJul 11,800°FJul 11,800°FDec 314,828°FDec 314,828°FNowNow
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.6 months, from May 4 to August 24, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 7.5 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Jerusalem is June, with an average of 8.5 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.2 months, from November 4 to February 12, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 4.2 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Jerusalem is December, with an average of 3.1 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Jerusalem

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in JerusalembrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhJun 208.6 kWhJun 208.6 kWhDec 233.0 kWhDec 233.0 kWhMay 47.5 kWhMay 47.5 kWhAug 247.5 kWhAug 247.5 kWhNov 44.2 kWhNov 44.2 kWhFeb 124.2 kWhFeb 124.2 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 3.44.35.76.97.98.58.47.76.65.13.83.1

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Jerusalem are 31.769 deg latitude, 35.216 deg longitude, and 2,579 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Jerusalem contains very significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 873 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 2,467 feet. Within 10 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (3,143 feet). Within 50 miles contains large variations in elevation (5,384 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Jerusalem is covered by sparse vegetation (27%), grassland (23%), trees (19%), and artificial surfaces (10%), within 10 miles by bare soil (29%) and sparse vegetation (29%), and within 50 miles by bare soil (32%) and water (17%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Jerusalem, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 3 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Jerusalem.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Jerusalem according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Jerusalem is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Jerusalem and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

  • Jerusalem (OJJR, 91%, 7 mi, north, -95 ft elevation change)
  • Beer-Sheva (LLBS, 3.8%, 44 mi, southwest, -1,926 ft elevation change)
  • Queen Alia International Airport (OJAI, 5%, 46 mi, east, -184 ft elevation change)

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Jerusalem and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.