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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Petrozavodsk Russia

In Petrozavodsk, the summers are comfortable and partly cloudy and the winters are freezing, snowy, and overcast. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 9°F to 70°F and is rarely below -15°F or above 79°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Petrozavodsk for warm-weather activities is from late June to early August.

Climate in Petrozavodsk

freezingvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablecoolcoldvery coldfreezingJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow53%53%18%18%overcastclearprecipitation: 3.3 inprecipitation: 3.3 in0.7 in0.7 inmuggy: 3%muggy: 3%0%0%drydrytourism score: 6.1tourism score: 6.10.00.0
Petrozavodsk weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The warm season lasts for 3.1 months, from May 28 to August 31, with an average daily high temperature above 60°F. The hottest month of the year in Petrozavodsk is July, with an average high of 69°F and low of 55°F.

The cold season lasts for 3.7 months, from November 21 to March 11, with an average daily high temperature below 29°F. The coldest month of the year in Petrozavodsk is January, with an average low of 10°F and high of 20°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Petrozavodsk

Average High and Low Temperature in PetrozavodskwarmcoldcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec-20°F-20°F-10°F-10°F0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FFeb 419°FFeb 419°FJul 2170°FJul 2170°F9°F9°F55°F55°FMay 2860°FMay 2860°FAug 3160°FAug 3160°FNov 2129°FNov 2129°FMar 1129°FMar 1129°F44°F44°F47°F47°F21°F21°F18°F18°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 20°F22°F31°F43°F56°F64°F69°F64°F55°F43°F31°F24°F
Temp. 15°F17°F26°F37°F49°F58°F63°F59°F50°F39°F28°F20°F
Low 10°F11°F20°F30°F40°F49°F55°F51°F44°F35°F23°F15°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Petrozavodsk

Average Hourly Temperature in PetrozavodskJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowfrigidfrigidfreezingfreezingvery coldvery coldcoldcoldcoolcomfortable
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Anchorage, Alaska, United States (3,939 miles away) and Rimouski, Canada (3,726 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Petrozavodsk (view comparison).

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In Petrozavodsk, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Petrozavodsk begins around April 18 and lasts for 5.1 months, ending around September 22.

The clearest month of the year in Petrozavodsk is June, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 52% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around September 22 and lasts for 6.9 months, ending around April 18.

The cloudiest month of the year in Petrozavodsk is December, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 82% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Petrozavodsk

Cloud Cover Categories in PetrozavodskclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jun 2553%Jun 2553%Jan 2418%Jan 2418%Apr 1835%Apr 1835%Sep 2236%Sep 2236%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 82%80%75%65%51%48%48%52%62%74%79%82%
Clearer 18%20%25%35%49%52%52%48%38%26%21%18%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Petrozavodsk varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 6.1 months, from May 8 to November 10, with a greater than 26% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Petrozavodsk is July, with an average of 11.3 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 5.9 months, from November 10 to May 8. The month with the fewest wet days in Petrozavodsk is February, with an average of 4.7 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation in Petrozavodsk changes throughout the year.

Rain alone is the most common for 7.9 months, from March 22 to November 18. The month with the most days of rain alone in Petrozavodsk is July, with an average of 11.3 days.

Snow alone is the most common for 4.1 months, from November 18 to March 22. The month with the most days of snow alone in Petrozavodsk is December, with an average of 4.4 days.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Petrozavodsk

Daily Chance of Precipitation in PetrozavodsksnowrainsnowJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Jul 638%Jul 638%Feb 2315%Feb 2315%Nov 1825%Nov 1825%May 826%May 826%NowNowsnowrainmixed
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 0.8d0.6d1.8d4.8d8.4d10.3d11.3d11.2d9.0d7.9d3.4d1.5d
Mixed 1.0d0.8d1.2d1.2d0.5d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.6d1.4d1.0d
Snow 4.4d3.3d2.4d1.1d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.7d2.8d4.4d
Any 6.1d4.7d5.4d7.1d9.0d10.4d11.3d11.2d9.0d9.2d7.7d6.9d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Petrozavodsk experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 8.3 months, from March 24 to December 1, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The month with the most rain in Petrozavodsk is August, with an average rainfall of 3.2 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 3.7 months, from December 1 to March 24. The month with the least rain in Petrozavodsk is January, with an average rainfall of 0.2 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Petrozavodsk

The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 0.2″0.2″0.4″1.0″2.0″2.9″3.0″3.2″2.1″1.7″0.8″0.3″

Snowfall

As with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Petrozavodsk experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly snowfall.

The snowy period of the year lasts for 6.9 months, from October 11 to May 8, with a sliding 31-day snowfall of at least 1.0 inches. The month with the most snow in Petrozavodsk is December, with an average snowfall of 7.5 inches.

The snowless period of the year lasts for 5.1 months, from May 8 to October 11. The least snow falls around July 27, with an average total accumulation of 0.0 inches.

Average Monthly Snowfall in Petrozavodsk

Average Monthly Snowfall in PetrozavodsksnowsnowJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in2 in2 in4 in4 in6 in6 in8 in8 in10 in10 in12 in12 in14 in14 inDec 197.5 inDec 197.5 inJul 270.0 inJul 270.0 inOct 111.0 inOct 111.0 inMay 81.0 inMay 81.0 inNowNow
The average snowfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average rainfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Snowfall 6.8″5.3″4.7″2.9″0.5″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.0″1.6″6.0″7.5″

The length of the day in Petrozavodsk varies extremely over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 5 hours, 14 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 19 hours, 39 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Petrozavodsk

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in PetrozavodskJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 10 minMar 2012 hr, 10 minMar 2019 hr, 39 minJun 2019 hr, 39 minJun 2012 hr, 15 minSep 2212 hr, 15 minSep 225 hr, 14 minDec 215 hr, 14 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 6.3h8.9h11.9h14.9h17.7h19.5h18.5h15.8h12.9h9.9h7.1h5.4h

The earliest sunrise is at 2:54 AM on June 19, and the latest sunrise is 7 hours, 10 minutes later at 10:05 AM on December 26. The earliest sunset is at 3:16 PM on December 16, and the latest sunset is 7 hours, 17 minutes later at 10:33 PM on June 22.

Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Petrozavodsk during 2024.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in Petrozavodsk

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in PetrozavodskJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJun 192:54 AMJun 192:54 AM10:33 PMJun 2210:33 PMJun 22Dec 163:16 PMDec 163:16 PM10:05 AMDec 2610:05 AMDec 26daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Petrozavodsk

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in PetrozavodskJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM0000101010202020303040500000101010202030304040552NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Petrozavodsk

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The perceived humidity level in Petrozavodsk, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year, staying within 2% of 2% throughout.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Petrozavodsk

Humidity Comfort Levels in PetrozavodskJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Mar 70%Mar 70%Jul 253%Jul 253%NowNowcomfortablecomfortabledrydryhumidhumid
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.2d0.9d0.4d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Petrozavodsk experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 5.9 months, from December 1 to May 29, with average wind speeds of more than 6.7 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Petrozavodsk is March, with an average hourly wind speed of 7.3 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 6.1 months, from May 29 to December 1. The calmest month of the year in Petrozavodsk is July, with an average hourly wind speed of 6.0 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Petrozavodsk

Average Wind Speed in PetrozavodskwindywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph1 mph1 mph2 mph2 mph3 mph3 mph4 mph4 mph5 mph5 mph6 mph6 mph7 mph7 mph8 mph8 mph9 mph9 mph10 mph10 mph11 mph11 mphApr 47.5 mphApr 47.5 mphJul 245.9 mphJul 245.9 mphDec 16.7 mphDec 16.7 mphMay 296.7 mphMay 296.7 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 6.97.07.37.26.96.36.06.26.66.96.66.9

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Petrozavodsk varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the south for 3.0 months, from January 15 to April 16 and for 1.7 months, from October 30 to December 20, with a peak percentage of 38% on November 24. The wind is most often from the west for 6.5 months, from April 16 to October 30 and for 3.7 weeks, from December 20 to January 15, with a peak percentage of 38% on October 14.

Wind Direction in Petrozavodsk

Wind Direction in PetrozavodskWSWSJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwestsouthnortheast
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Petrozavodsk throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Petrozavodsk for general outdoor tourist activities is from late June to early August, with a peak score in the third week of July.

Tourism Score in Petrozavodsk

Tourism Score in Petrozavodskbest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810106.16.10.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Petrozavodsk for hot-weather activities is for the entire month of July, with a peak score in the third week of July.

Beach/Pool Score in Petrozavodsk

Beach/Pool Score in PetrozavodskJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810102.52.50.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitation
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Petrozavodsk typically lasts for 4.6 months (141 days), from around May 14 to around October 2, rarely starting before April 26 or after June 1, and rarely ending before September 10 or after October 22.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Petrozavodsk

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Petrozavodskgrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%May 1450%May 1450%Oct 250%Oct 250%Jun 190%Jun 190%Sep 1090%Sep 1090%Apr 2610%Apr 2610%Oct 2210%Oct 2210%0%Feb 200%Feb 20Jul 19100%Jul 19100%NowNowfrigidfreezingvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarm
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Petrozavodsk should appear around May 24, only rarely appearing before May 14 or after June 8.

Growing Degree Days in Petrozavodsk

Growing Degree Days in PetrozavodskJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F200°F200°F400°F400°F600°F600°F800°F800°F1,000°F1,000°F1,200°F1,200°F1,400°F1,400°FMay 2490°FMay 2490°FAug 11900°FAug 11900°FDec 311,155°FDec 311,155°FNowNow
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.0 months, from May 7 to August 8, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 4.8 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Petrozavodsk is June, with an average of 5.9 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 4.7 months, from October 7 to February 27, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 1.3 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Petrozavodsk is December, with an average of 0.1 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Petrozavodsk

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in PetrozavodskbrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWhJun 145.9 kWhJun 145.9 kWhDec 210.1 kWhDec 210.1 kWhMay 74.8 kWhMay 74.8 kWhAug 84.8 kWhAug 84.8 kWhOct 71.3 kWhOct 71.3 kWhFeb 271.3 kWhFeb 271.3 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 0.20.92.13.65.25.95.64.32.51.00.30.1

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Petrozavodsk are 61.785 deg latitude, 34.347 deg longitude, and 269 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Petrozavodsk contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 367 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 259 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (784 feet). Within 50 miles contains significant variations in elevation (958 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Petrozavodsk is covered by artificial surfaces (59%), water (26%), and trees (11%), within 10 miles by trees (64%) and water (30%), and within 50 miles by trees (64%) and water (34%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Petrozavodsk, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There is only a single weather station, Petrozavodsk Airport, in our network suitable to be used as a proxy for the historical temperature and dew point records of Petrozavodsk.

At a distance of 6 kilometers from Petrozavodsk, closer than our threshold of 150 kilometers, this station is deemed sufficiently nearby to be relied upon as our primary source for temperature and dew point records.

The station records are corrected for the elevation difference between the station and Petrozavodsk according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

Please note that the station records themselves may additionally have been back-filled using other nearby stations or the MERRA-2 reanalysis.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.