Average Weather in Mgandu Tanzania

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In Mgandu, the wet season is overcast, the dry season is windy and partly cloudy, and it is warm year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 55°F to 85°F and is rarely below 52°F or above 88°F.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

In Mgandu, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Mgandu begins around May 3 and lasts for 5.5 months, ending around October 20. On August 14, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 75% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 25% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around October 20 and lasts for 6.5 months, ending around May 3. On January 15, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 83% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 17% of the time.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Mgandu varies very significantly throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 4.7 months, from November 26 to April 18, with a greater than 31% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 61% on January 1.

The drier season lasts 7.3 months, from April 18 to November 26. The smallest chance of a wet day is 0% on June 24.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 61% on January 1.

Rainfall

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Mgandu experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 6.9 months, from October 17 to May 15, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around December 30, with an average total accumulation of 5.8 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 5.1 months, from May 15 to October 17. The least rain falls around July 8, with an average total accumulation of 0.0 inches.

The length of the day in Mgandu does not vary substantially over the course of the year, staying within 28 minutes of 12 hours throughout. In 2017, the shortest day is June 21, with 11 hours, 47 minutes of daylight; the longest day is December 21, with 12 hours, 28 minutes of daylight.

The earliest sunrise is at 6:16 AM on November 12, and the latest sunrise is 39 minutes later at 6:55 AM on July 17. The earliest sunset is at 6:34 PM on May 22, and the latest sunset is 33 minutes later at 7:07 PM on January 31.

Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Mgandu during 2017.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The perceived humidity level in Mgandu, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year, staying within 4% of 4% throughout.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Mgandu experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 7.5 months, from April 16 to December 1, with average wind speeds of more than 5.9 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year is October 4, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.2 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 4.5 months, from December 1 to April 16. The calmest day of the year is February 6, with an average hourly wind speed of 3.6 miles per hour.

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Mgandu is from the east throughout the year.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences some seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 2.6 months, from August 29 to November 16, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 7.3 kWh. The brightest day of the year is October 15, with an average of 7.7 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 2.2 months, from December 19 to February 24, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 6.1 kWh. The darkest day of the year is January 4, with an average of 5.7 kWh.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Mgandu are -5.950 deg latitude, 34.133 deg longitude, and 4,780 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Mgandu contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 394 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 4,804 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (771 feet). Within 50 miles contains significant variations in elevation (1,949 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Mgandu is covered by trees (60%) and cropland (30%), within 10 miles by trees (58%) and shrubs (21%), and within 50 miles by trees (54%) and shrubs (29%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Mgandu, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There is only a single weather station, Dodoma Airport, in our network suitable to be used as a proxy for the historical temperature and dew point records of Mgandu.

At a distance of 181 kilometers from Mgandu, further than our threshold of 150 kilometers, this station is deemed insufficiently nearby to be relied upon as our primary source for temperature and dew point records. Consequently, the station records are blended with interpolated values from NASA's MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis , and both are corrected for elevation differences according to the International Standard Atmosphere .

The weight assigned to the MERRA-2 value depends on the distance from Mgandu to the nearest station, increasing from 0% at 150 kilometers to 100% at 200 kilometers. In this case, the MERRA-2 weight is 38%, making the weight assigned to the weather station 62%.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Tables of the Sun, Moon and Planets , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for aiports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © Esri, with data from National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and iPC.