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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Villanova Italy

In Villanova, the summers are warm, the winters are very cold, and it is partly cloudy year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 31°F to 83°F and is rarely below 22°F or above 91°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Villanova for warm-weather activities is from late May to late September.

Climate in Villanova

coldcoolwarmcoolcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow70%70%43%43%overcastclearprecipitation: 3.8 inprecipitation: 3.8 in1.7 in1.7 inmuggy: 29%muggy: 29%0%0%drydrytourism score: 7.0tourism score: 7.00.10.1
Villanova weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The warm season lasts for 3.1 months, from June 5 to September 10, with an average daily high temperature above 75°F. The hottest month of the year in Villanova is July, with an average high of 82°F and low of 64°F.

The cold season lasts for 3.5 months, from November 19 to March 4, with an average daily high temperature below 52°F. The coldest month of the year in Villanova is January, with an average low of 31°F and high of 45°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Villanova

Average High and Low Temperature in VillanovawarmcoldcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FJan 1445°FJan 1445°FAug 283°FAug 283°F31°F31°F64°F64°FJun 575°FJun 575°FSep 1075°FSep 1075°FNov 1952°FNov 1952°FMar 452°FMar 452°F58°F58°F58°F58°F39°F39°F36°F36°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 45°F48°F55°F63°F71°F77°F82°F81°F74°F64°F54°F46°F
Temp. 37°F39°F47°F54°F63°F69°F73°F73°F65°F56°F46°F39°F
Low 31°F32°F39°F46°F54°F60°F64°F63°F57°F49°F40°F33°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Villanova

Average Hourly Temperature in VillanovaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowvery coldvery coldcoldcoldcoolcoolcomfortablewarm
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Galax, Virginia, United States (4,626 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Villanova (view comparison).

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In Villanova, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Villanova begins around June 17 and lasts for 3.1 months, ending around September 21.

The clearest month of the year in Villanova is July, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 67% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around September 21 and lasts for 8.9 months, ending around June 17.

The cloudiest month of the year in Villanova is November, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 56% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Villanova

Cloud Cover Categories in VillanovaclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jul 3170%Jul 3170%Nov 1243%Nov 1243%Jun 1756%Jun 1756%Sep 2157%Sep 2157%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 51%50%53%54%52%44%33%34%42%51%56%53%
Clearer 49%50%47%46%48%56%67%66%58%49%44%47%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Villanova varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 7.0 months, from March 30 to October 31, with a greater than 27% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Villanova is June, with an average of 11.2 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 5.0 months, from October 31 to March 30. The month with the fewest wet days in Villanova is January, with an average of 5.3 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Villanova is June, with an average of 11.2 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 38% on June 12.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Villanova

Daily Chance of Precipitation in VillanovawetdrydryJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Jun 1238%Jun 1238%Jan 2116%Jan 2116%Mar 3027%Mar 3027%Oct 3127%Oct 3127%NowNowrain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 4.9d4.8d6.4d8.8d10.2d11.2d10.5d10.0d8.8d8.5d7.4d5.9d
Mixed 0.3d0.2d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.2d
Snow 0.2d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d
Any 5.3d5.0d6.5d8.8d10.2d11.2d10.5d10.0d8.8d8.5d7.5d6.2d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Villanova experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

Rain falls throughout the year in Villanova. The month with the most rain in Villanova is October, with an average rainfall of 3.8 inches.

The month with the least rain in Villanova is January, with an average rainfall of 1.7 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Villanova

The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 1.7″1.7″2.2″2.7″3.1″3.3″2.9″3.0″3.7″3.8″3.5″2.4″

The length of the day in Villanova varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 8 hours, 37 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 15 hours, 46 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Villanova

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in VillanovaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 7 minMar 2012 hr, 7 minMar 2015 hr, 46 minJun 2015 hr, 46 minJun 2012 hr, 10 minSep 2212 hr, 10 minSep 228 hr, 37 minDec 218 hr, 37 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 9.1h10.4h12.0h13.6h15.0h15.7h15.3h14.1h12.5h10.9h9.4h8.7h

The earliest sunrise is at 5:16 AM on June 15, and the latest sunrise is 2 hours, 34 minutes later at 7:50 AM on January 2. The earliest sunset is at 4:22 PM on December 10, and the latest sunset is 4 hours, 41 minutes later at 9:03 PM on June 25.

Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in Villanova during 2024, starting in the spring on March 31, lasting 6.9 months, and ending in the fall on October 27.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in Villanova

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in VillanovaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJun 155:16 AMJun 155:16 AM9:03 PMJun 259:03 PMJun 25Dec 104:22 PMDec 104:22 PM7:50 AMJan 27:50 AMJan 2Mar 31DSTMar 31DSTDSTOct 27DSTOct 27daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Villanova

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in VillanovaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM000010101020202030303040405060000101010102020203030404050506067NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Villanova

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Villanova experiences some seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 3.1 months, from June 7 to September 10, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 7% of the time. The month with the most muggy days in Villanova is July, with 8.4 days that are muggy or worse.

The least muggy day of the year is February 28, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Villanova

Humidity Comfort Levels in VillanovamuggyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Feb 280%Feb 280%Jul 2429%Jul 2429%Jun 77%Jun 77%Sep 107%Sep 107%NowNowmuggymuggyhumidhumidcomfortablecomfortabledrydryoppressiveoppressive
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.4d3.9d8.4d6.2d1.8d0.2d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Villanova experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 5.4 months, from February 10 to July 24, with average wind speeds of more than 4.3 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Villanova is April, with an average hourly wind speed of 4.8 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 6.5 months, from July 24 to February 10. The calmest month of the year in Villanova is December, with an average hourly wind speed of 3.9 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Villanova

Average Wind Speed in VillanovawindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph1 mph1 mph2 mph2 mph3 mph3 mph4 mph4 mph5 mph5 mph6 mph6 mph7 mph7 mph8 mph8 mphApr 54.9 mphApr 54.9 mphDec 283.8 mphDec 283.8 mphFeb 104.3 mphFeb 104.3 mphJul 244.3 mphJul 244.3 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 4.04.44.64.84.74.54.44.34.44.44.33.9

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Villanova varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the south for 7.3 months, from March 12 to October 20, with a peak percentage of 50% on June 9. The wind is most often from the east for 2.3 weeks, from October 20 to November 5, with a peak percentage of 33% on November 2. The wind is most often from the north for 4.2 months, from November 5 to March 12, with a peak percentage of 52% on January 1.

Wind Direction in Villanova

Wind Direction in VillanovaNSENJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowsoutheastnorthwest
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Villanova is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 3.1 months, from June 15 to September 18, with an average temperature above 72°F. The month of the year in Villanova with the warmest water is August, with an average temperature of 77°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 3.8 months, from December 19 to April 12, with an average temperature below 55°F. The month of the year in Villanova with the coolest water is February, with an average temperature of 49°F.

Average Water Temperature in Villanova

Average Water Temperature in VillanovawarmcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec45°F45°F50°F50°F55°F55°F60°F60°F65°F65°F70°F70°F75°F75°F80°F80°F85°F85°FAug 378°FAug 378°F49°FFeb 1849°FFeb 18Jun 1572°FJun 1572°FSep 1872°FSep 1872°FDec 1955°FDec 1955°FApr 1255°FApr 1255°FNowNow
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
WaterJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Temperature 51°F49°F50°F56°F64°F72°F76°F77°F72°F66°F60°F55°F

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Villanova throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Villanova for general outdoor tourist activities is from late May to late September, with a peak score in the first week of September.

Tourism Score in Villanova

Tourism Score in Villanovabest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810107.07.00.10.1NowNowtemperaturetemperature precipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Villanova for hot-weather activities is from early July to mid August, with a peak score in the first week of August.

Beach/Pool Score in Villanova

Beach/Pool Score in Villanovabest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810106.96.90.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Villanova typically lasts for 8.0 months (245 days), from around March 15 to around November 15, rarely starting before February 22 or after April 7, and rarely ending before October 28 or after December 7.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Villanova

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Villanovagrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%50%Mar 1550%Mar 1550%Nov 1550%Nov 1590%Apr 790%Apr 790%Oct 2890%Oct 2810%Feb 2210%Feb 2210%Dec 710%Dec 70%Jan 60%Jan 6Jul 22100%Jul 22100%NowNowvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarmhot
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Villanova should appear around April 4, only rarely appearing before March 21 or after April 20.

Growing Degree Days in Villanova

Growing Degree Days in VillanovaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F500°F500°F1,000°F1,000°F1,500°F1,500°F2,000°F2,000°F2,500°F2,500°F3,000°F3,000°F3,500°F3,500°FApr 489°FApr 489°FJun 15900°FJun 15900°FJul 261,800°FJul 261,800°FDec 313,346°FDec 313,346°F
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.4 months, from May 4 to August 17, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 5.6 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Villanova is July, with an average of 6.5 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.4 months, from October 27 to February 10, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 2.4 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Villanova is December, with an average of 1.3 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Villanova

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in VillanovabrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhJul 96.6 kWhJul 96.6 kWhDec 251.3 kWhDec 251.3 kWhMay 45.6 kWhMay 45.6 kWhAug 175.6 kWhAug 175.6 kWhOct 272.4 kWhOct 272.4 kWhFeb 102.4 kWhFeb 102.4 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 1.62.63.84.95.96.46.55.64.32.81.71.3

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Villanova are 46.132 deg latitude, 12.971 deg longitude, and 502 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Villanova contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 305 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 475 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (4,646 feet). Within 50 miles also contains extreme variations in elevation (10,617 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Villanova is covered by cropland (72%) and bare soil (14%), within 10 miles by cropland (65%) and trees (20%), and within 50 miles by trees (42%) and cropland (28%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Villanova, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 4 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Villanova.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Villanova according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Villanova is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Villanova and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

  • Udine / Rivolto (LIPI, 57%, 11 mi, south, -325 ft elevation change)
  • Aviano Usaf (LIYW, 33%, 18 mi, west, -92 ft elevation change)
  • Tarvisio (LIVO, 6%, 39 mi, northeast, 2,051 ft elevation change)
  • Dobbiaco (LIVD, 3.3%, 55 mi, northwest, 3,520 ft elevation change)

Sources mapLIPI, 57%11 mi, -325 ftLIYW, 33%18 mi, -92 ftLIVO, 6%39 mi, 2,051 ftLIVD, 3%55 mi, 3,520 ft© OpenStreetMap contributors

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Villanova and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.