Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Soba Nigeria

In Soba, the wet season is oppressive and overcast, the dry season is partly cloudy, and it is hot year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 54°F to 96°F and is rarely below 48°F or above 102°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Soba for warm-weather activities is from mid November to early February.

The hot season lasts for 1.9 months, from March 3 to April 29, with an average daily high temperature above 93°F. The hottest month of the year in Soba is April, with an average high of 95°F and low of 70°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.0 months, from July 3 to October 2, with an average daily high temperature below 84°F. The coldest month of the year in Soba is December, with an average low of 55°F and high of 84°F.

In Soba, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Soba begins around October 30 and lasts for 4.1 months, ending around March 1.

The clearest month of the year in Soba is January, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 60% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around March 1 and lasts for 7.9 months, ending around October 30.

The cloudiest month of the year in Soba is May, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 78% of the time.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Soba varies very significantly throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 5.2 months, from May 1 to October 7, with a greater than 43% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Soba is August, with an average of 26.3 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 6.8 months, from October 7 to May 1. The month with the fewest wet days in Soba is December, with an average of 0.0 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Soba is August, with an average of 26.3 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 86% on August 17.

Rainfall

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Soba experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 7.1 months, from March 29 to October 31, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The month with the most rain in Soba is August, with an average rainfall of 10.5 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 4.9 months, from October 31 to March 29. The month with the least rain in Soba is December, with an average rainfall of 0.0 inches.

The length of the day in Soba does not vary substantially over the course of the year, staying within 46 minutes of 12 hours throughout. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 11 hours, 29 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 12 hours, 46 minutes of daylight.

The earliest sunrise is at 6:03 AM on May 30, and the latest sunrise is 48 minutes later at 6:51 AM on January 27. The earliest sunset is at 6:00 PM on November 16, and the latest sunset is 54 minutes later at 6:55 PM on July 11.

Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Soba during 2024.

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Soba experiences extreme seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 6.8 months, from April 5 to October 29, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 25% of the time. The month with the most muggy days in Soba is August, with 30.6 days that are muggy or worse.

The month with the fewest muggy days in Soba is December, with 0.0 days that are muggy or worse.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Soba experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 5.9 months, from November 18 to May 14, with average wind speeds of more than 7.6 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Soba is January, with an average hourly wind speed of 10.1 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 6.1 months, from May 14 to November 18. The calmest month of the year in Soba is September, with an average hourly wind speed of 5.1 miles per hour.

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Soba varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the west for 4.9 months, from April 9 to September 6, with a peak percentage of 57% on July 2. The wind is most often from the south for 2.4 weeks, from September 6 to September 23, with a peak percentage of 32% on September 9. The wind is most often from the east for 6.5 months, from September 23 to April 9, with a peak percentage of 78% on January 1.

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Soba throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Soba for general outdoor tourist activities is from mid November to early February, with a peak score in the first week of January.

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Soba for hot-weather activities are from late January to mid April and from late September to mid November, with a peak score in the first week of March.

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

Temperatures in Soba are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms. We nevertheless include the chart below as an illustration of the distribution of temperatures experienced throughout the year.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences some seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 2.4 months, from February 1 to April 14, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 6.1 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Soba is March, with an average of 6.3 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.4 months, from May 25 to September 7, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 5.3 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Soba is August, with an average of 5.1 kWh.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Soba are 10.981 deg latitude, 8.057 deg longitude, and 2,241 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Soba contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 184 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 2,267 feet. Within 10 miles also contains only modest variations in elevation (348 feet). Within 50 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (2,054 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Soba is covered by cropland (87%), within 10 miles by cropland (79%), and within 50 miles by cropland (72%) and shrubs (11%).