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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Holwerd Netherlands

In Holwerd, the summers are comfortable, windy, and partly cloudy and the winters are long, very cold, extremely windy, and mostly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 34°F to 68°F and is rarely below 23°F or above 77°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Holwerd for warm-weather activities is from early July to early September.

Climate in Holwerd

very coldcoldcoolcomfortablecoolcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow56%56%31%31%overcastclearprecipitation: 2.5 inprecipitation: 2.5 in1.2 in1.2 inmuggy: 4%muggy: 4%0%0%drydrytourism score: 6.7tourism score: 6.70.00.0
Holwerd weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The warm season lasts for 3.0 months, from June 19 to September 19, with an average daily high temperature above 63°F. The hottest month of the year in Holwerd is August, with an average high of 67°F and low of 58°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.9 months, from November 23 to March 19, with an average daily high temperature below 46°F. The coldest month of the year in Holwerd is February, with an average low of 35°F and high of 42°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Holwerd

Average High and Low Temperature in HolwerdwarmcoolcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FFeb 841°FFeb 841°FAug 968°FAug 968°F34°F34°F59°F59°FJun 1963°FJun 1963°FSep 1963°FSep 1963°FNov 2346°FNov 2346°FMar 1946°FMar 1946°F54°F54°F54°F54°F40°F40°F39°F39°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 41°F42°F46°F52°F58°F62°F67°F67°F63°F56°F48°F43°F
Temp. 38°F38°F42°F47°F53°F58°F63°F63°F59°F52°F45°F40°F
Low 35°F35°F38°F43°F49°F54°F58°F58°F55°F48°F41°F37°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Holwerd

Average Hourly Temperature in HolwerdJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowvery coldvery coldcoldcoldcoolcomfortable
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Nanaimo, Canada (4,778 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Holwerd (view comparison).

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Compare Holwerd to another city:

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In Holwerd, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Holwerd begins around April 1 and lasts for 6.1 months, ending around October 4.

The clearest month of the year in Holwerd is July, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 55% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around October 4 and lasts for 5.9 months, ending around April 1.

The cloudiest month of the year in Holwerd is December, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 68% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Holwerd

Cloud Cover Categories in HolwerdclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jul 2156%Jul 2156%Dec 3031%Dec 3031%Apr 143%Apr 143%Oct 444%Oct 444%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 68%65%63%53%51%49%45%47%52%59%67%68%
Clearer 32%35%37%47%49%51%55%53%48%41%33%32%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Holwerd varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 7.6 months, from July 1 to February 18, with a greater than 30% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Holwerd is December, with an average of 11.1 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 4.5 months, from February 18 to July 1. The month with the fewest wet days in Holwerd is April, with an average of 6.7 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Holwerd is November, with an average of 10.4 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 36% on November 2.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Holwerd

Daily Chance of Precipitation in HolwerdwetwetdryJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Dec 2638%Dec 2638%Apr 1621%Apr 1621%Jul 130%Jul 130%Feb 1830%Feb 1830%NowNowrain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 10.1d8.1d8.2d6.7d7.7d8.2d9.3d9.4d9.5d10.2d10.4d10.7d
Mixed 0.5d0.3d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.3d
Snow 0.2d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d
Any 10.7d8.6d8.4d6.7d7.7d8.2d9.3d9.4d9.5d10.2d10.4d11.1d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Holwerd experiences some seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

Rain falls throughout the year in Holwerd. The month with the most rain in Holwerd is December, with an average rainfall of 2.4 inches.

The month with the least rain in Holwerd is April, with an average rainfall of 1.2 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Holwerd

Average Monthly Rainfall in HolwerdJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in1 in1 in2 in2 in3 in3 in4 in4 in5 in5 inDec 152.4 inDec 152.4 inApr 191.2 inApr 191.2 inOct 52.3 inOct 52.3 inNowNow
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 2.2″1.8″1.6″1.2″1.7″1.9″2.1″2.2″2.3″2.2″2.4″2.4″

The length of the day in Holwerd varies extremely over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 7 hours, 30 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 17 hours, 1 minute of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Holwerd

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in HolwerdJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 8 minMar 2012 hr, 8 minMar 2017 hr, 1 minJun 2017 hr, 1 minJun 2012 hr, 11 minSep 2212 hr, 11 minSep 227 hr, 30 minDec 217 hr, 30 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 8.1h9.8h11.9h14.1h15.9h16.9h16.4h14.7h12.6h10.5h8.6h7.6h

The earliest sunrise is at 5:07 AM on June 17, and the latest sunrise is 3 hours, 44 minutes later at 8:51 AM on December 29. The earliest sunset is at 4:17 PM on December 13, and the latest sunset is 5 hours, 52 minutes later at 10:08 PM on June 24.

Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in Holwerd during 2024, starting in the spring on March 31, lasting 6.9 months, and ending in the fall on October 27.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in Holwerd

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in HolwerdJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJun 175:07 AMJun 175:07 AM10:08 PMJun 2410:08 PMJun 24Dec 134:17 PMDec 134:17 PM8:51 AMDec 298:51 AMDec 29Mar 31DSTMar 31DSTDSTOct 27DSTOct 27daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Holwerd

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in HolwerdJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM00001010102020303040405000010101010202030304040501360NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Holwerd

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The perceived humidity level in Holwerd, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year, staying within 2% of 2% throughout.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Holwerd

Humidity Comfort Levels in HolwerdJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Mar 10%Mar 10%Aug 94%Aug 94%NowNowcomfortablecomfortabledrydryhumidhumid
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.3d0.9d0.9d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Holwerd experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 5.6 months, from October 5 to March 24, with average wind speeds of more than 15.5 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Holwerd is January, with an average hourly wind speed of 18.4 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 6.4 months, from March 24 to October 5. The calmest month of the year in Holwerd is June, with an average hourly wind speed of 12.7 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Holwerd

Average Wind Speed in HolwerdwindywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph5 mph5 mph10 mph10 mph15 mph15 mph20 mph20 mph25 mph25 mphJan 718.6 mphJan 718.6 mphAug 312.4 mphAug 312.4 mphOct 515.5 mphOct 515.5 mphMar 2415.5 mphMar 2415.5 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 18.417.015.813.713.112.712.713.114.616.317.117.8

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Holwerd varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the east for 1.7 weeks, from April 23 to May 5, with a peak percentage of 28% on May 3. The wind is most often from the west for 5.0 months, from May 5 to October 6 and for 4.7 months, from December 2 to April 23, with a peak percentage of 45% on July 7. The wind is most often from the south for 1.9 months, from October 6 to December 2, with a peak percentage of 36% on October 30.

Wind Direction in Holwerd

Wind Direction in HolwerdWEWSWJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwestsoutheastnorth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Holwerd is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 3.1 months, from June 27 to September 30, with an average temperature above 60°F. The month of the year in Holwerd with the warmest water is August, with an average temperature of 64°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 3.8 months, from December 18 to April 10, with an average temperature below 45°F. The month of the year in Holwerd with the coolest water is February, with an average temperature of 40°F.

Average Water Temperature in Holwerd

Average Water Temperature in HolwerdwarmcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec35°F35°F40°F40°F45°F45°F50°F50°F55°F55°F60°F60°F65°F65°F70°F70°FAug 1264°FAug 1264°F40°FFeb 2140°FFeb 21Jun 2760°FJun 2760°FSep 3060°FSep 3060°FDec 1845°FDec 1845°FApr 1045°FApr 1045°FNowNow
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
WaterJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Temperature 42°F40°F41°F46°F52°F58°F62°F64°F62°F57°F51°F45°F

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Holwerd throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Holwerd for general outdoor tourist activities is from early July to early September, with a peak score in the first week of August.

Tourism Score in Holwerd

Tourism Score in Holwerdbest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810106.76.70.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Holwerd for hot-weather activities is from late July to mid August, with a peak score in the first week of August.

Beach/Pool Score in Holwerd

Beach/Pool Score in HolwerdJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810102.22.20.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperaturecloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Holwerd typically lasts for 8.5 months (261 days), from around March 13 to around November 29, rarely starting before February 5 or after April 12, and rarely ending before October 29 or after December 27.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Holwerd

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Holwerdgrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%50%Mar 1350%Mar 1350%Nov 2950%Nov 2990%Apr 1290%Apr 1290%Oct 2990%Oct 2910%Feb 510%Feb 510%Dec 2710%Dec 272%Jan 152%Jan 15Jul 21100%Jul 21100%NowNowvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarm
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Holwerd should appear around May 12, only rarely appearing before April 30 or after May 31.

Growing Degree Days in Holwerd

Growing Degree Days in HolwerdJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F200°F200°F400°F400°F600°F600°F800°F800°F1,000°F1,000°F1,200°F1,200°F1,400°F1,400°F1,600°F1,600°F1,800°F1,800°FMay 1290°FMay 1290°FAug 6900°FAug 6900°FDec 311,650°FDec 311,650°F
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.5 months, from April 28 to August 14, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 5.3 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Holwerd is June, with an average of 6.4 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 4.0 months, from October 22 to February 22, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 1.7 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Holwerd is December, with an average of 0.5 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Holwerd

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in HolwerdbrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhJun 256.4 kWhJun 256.4 kWhDec 230.5 kWhDec 230.5 kWhApr 285.3 kWhApr 285.3 kWhAug 145.3 kWhAug 145.3 kWhOct 221.7 kWhOct 221.7 kWhFeb 221.7 kWhFeb 221.7 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 0.71.52.74.55.96.46.25.13.52.00.90.5

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Holwerd are 53.368 deg latitude, 5.901 deg longitude, and 10 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Holwerd is essentially flat, with a maximum elevation change of 33 feet and an average elevation above sea level of -3 feet. Within 10 miles is also essentially flat (95 feet). Within 50 miles is essentially flat (295 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Holwerd is covered by cropland (67%) and grassland (18%), within 10 miles by water (39%) and grassland (38%), and within 50 miles by water (61%) and grassland (19%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Holwerd, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 4 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Holwerd.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Holwerd according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Holwerd is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Holwerd and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

  • Awg-1 (EHMA, 49%, 9 mi, north, 79 ft elevation change)
  • Leeuwarden Air Base (EHLW, 38%, 11 mi, southwest, -10 ft elevation change)
  • Groningen Airport Eelde (EHGG, 8%, 33 mi, southeast, 7 ft elevation change)
  • L9-Ff-1 (EHMG, 5%, 42 mi, northwest, 89 ft elevation change)

Sources mapEHMA, 49%9 mi, 79 ftEHLW, 38%11 mi, -10 ftEHGG, 8%33 mi, 7 ftEHMG, 5%42 mi, 89 ft© OpenStreetMap contributors

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Holwerd and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.