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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Leça da Palmeira Portugal

In Leça da Palmeira, the summers are comfortable, dry, and mostly clear and the winters are cold, wet, and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 44°F to 76°F and is rarely below 36°F or above 87°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Leça da Palmeira for warm-weather activities is from mid June to early September.

Climate in Leça da Palmeira

coolcomfortablewarmcomfortablecoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow85%85%44%44%clearovercastprecipitation: 5.2 inprecipitation: 5.2 in0.4 in0.4 inmuggy: 11%muggy: 11%0%0%drydrytourism score: 8.6tourism score: 8.62.32.3
Leça da Palmeira weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The warm season lasts for 3.3 months, from June 17 to September 26, with an average daily high temperature above 72°F. The hottest month of the year in Leça da Palmeira is August, with an average high of 75°F and low of 60°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.5 months, from November 23 to March 5, with an average daily high temperature below 61°F. The coldest month of the year in Leça da Palmeira is January, with an average low of 45°F and high of 57°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Leça da Palmeira

Average High and Low Temperature in Leça da PalmeirawarmcoolcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FJan 2458°FJan 2458°FJul 2876°FJul 2876°F44°F44°F60°F60°FJun 1772°FJun 1772°FSep 2672°FSep 2672°FNov 2361°FNov 2361°FMar 561°FMar 561°F58°F58°F57°F57°F48°F48°F46°F46°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 57°F59°F62°F64°F67°F72°F75°F75°F73°F69°F63°F59°F
Temp. 50°F51°F55°F57°F60°F65°F67°F67°F66°F62°F56°F52°F
Low 45°F45°F47°F50°F54°F58°F60°F60°F58°F55°F50°F46°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Leça da Palmeira

Average Hourly Temperature in Leça da PalmeiraJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowcoldcoldcoldcoldcoolcomfortable
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Ngatea, New Zealand (12,099 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Leça da Palmeira (view comparison).

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In Leça da Palmeira, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Leça da Palmeira begins around June 8 and lasts for 3.2 months, ending around September 13.

The clearest month of the year in Leça da Palmeira is July, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 84% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around September 13 and lasts for 8.8 months, ending around June 8.

The cloudiest month of the year in Leça da Palmeira is December, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 55% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Leça da Palmeira

Cloud Cover Categories in Leça da PalmeiraclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jul 2085%Jul 2085%Dec 1544%Dec 1544%Jun 864%Jun 864%Sep 1365%Sep 1365%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 53%50%48%45%41%30%16%22%36%48%54%55%
Clearer 47%50%52%55%59%70%84%78%64%52%46%45%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Leça da Palmeira varies significantly throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 8.1 months, from September 24 to May 28, with a greater than 22% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Leça da Palmeira is November, with an average of 10.7 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 3.9 months, from May 28 to September 24. The month with the fewest wet days in Leça da Palmeira is July, with an average of 1.7 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Leça da Palmeira is November, with an average of 10.7 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 38% on October 28.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Leça da Palmeira

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Leça da PalmeirawetwetdryJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Oct 2838%Oct 2838%Jul 215%Jul 215%Sep 2422%Sep 2422%May 2822%May 2822%NowNowrain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 10.7d8.6d8.0d8.7d7.8d4.1d1.7d2.5d5.3d10.5d10.7d10.7d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Leça da Palmeira experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

Rain falls throughout the year in Leça da Palmeira. The month with the most rain in Leça da Palmeira is December, with an average rainfall of 5.1 inches.

The month with the least rain in Leça da Palmeira is July, with an average rainfall of 0.4 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Leça da Palmeira

Average Monthly Rainfall in Leça da PalmeiraJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in2 in2 in4 in4 in6 in6 in8 in8 in10 in10 in12 in12 in14 in14 inDec 265.2 inDec 265.2 inJul 190.4 inJul 190.4 inNov 75.0 inNov 75.0 inApr 73.1 inApr 73.1 inNowNow
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 4.5″3.5″2.8″3.1″2.3″1.0″0.4″0.6″2.1″4.5″4.9″5.1″

The length of the day in Leça da Palmeira varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 12 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 15 hours, 9 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Leça da Palmeira

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Leça da PalmeiraJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 7 minMar 2012 hr, 7 minMar 2015 hr, 9 minJun 2015 hr, 9 minJun 2012 hr, 9 minSep 2212 hr, 9 minSep 229 hr, 12 minDec 219 hr, 12 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 9.6h10.6h12.0h13.4h14.5h15.1h14.8h13.8h12.4h11.1h9.9h9.3h

The earliest sunrise is at 6:01 AM on June 14, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 59 minutes later at 8:00 AM on January 4. The earliest sunset is at 5:05 PM on December 8, and the latest sunset is 4 hours, 6 minutes later at 9:11 PM on June 27.

Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in Leça da Palmeira during 2024, starting in the spring on March 31, lasting 6.9 months, and ending in the fall on October 27.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in Leça da Palmeira

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in Leça da PalmeiraJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJun 146:01 AMJun 146:01 AM9:11 PMJun 279:11 PMJun 27Dec 85:05 PMDec 85:05 PM8:00 AMJan 48:00 AMJan 4Mar 31DSTMar 31DSTDSTOct 27DSTOct 27daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Leça da Palmeira

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Leça da PalmeiraJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM0000101010202020303030304040505060607000010101010202020303040405050602572NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Leça da Palmeira

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Leça da Palmeira experiences some seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 4.0 months, from June 14 to October 14, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 3% of the time. The month with the most muggy days in Leça da Palmeira is August, with 3.1 days that are muggy or worse.

The least muggy day of the year is February 28, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Leça da Palmeira

Humidity Comfort Levels in Leça da PalmeiramuggyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Feb 280%Feb 280%Aug 1311%Aug 1311%Jun 143%Jun 143%Oct 143%Oct 143%NowNowmuggymuggyhumidhumidcomfortablecomfortabledrydry
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d0.8d1.9d3.1d1.8d0.8d0.1d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Leça da Palmeira experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 6.4 months, from October 22 to May 2, with average wind speeds of more than 7.3 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Leça da Palmeira is December, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.3 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 5.6 months, from May 2 to October 22. The calmest month of the year in Leça da Palmeira is September, with an average hourly wind speed of 6.3 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Leça da Palmeira

Average Wind Speed in Leça da PalmeirawindywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mphDec 268.4 mphDec 268.4 mphSep 126.2 mphSep 126.2 mphOct 227.3 mphOct 227.3 mphMay 27.3 mphMay 27.3 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 8.17.87.77.67.06.76.76.46.37.17.88.3

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Leça da Palmeira varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the east for 4.3 weeks, from January 12 to February 11 and for 1.6 months, from November 6 to December 26, with a peak percentage of 34% on December 16. The wind is most often from the north for 8.2 months, from February 11 to October 16, with a peak percentage of 56% on July 23. The wind is most often from the south for 3.0 weeks, from October 16 to November 6 and for 2.4 weeks, from December 26 to January 12, with a peak percentage of 31% on October 28.

Wind Direction in Leça da Palmeira

Wind Direction in Leça da PalmeiraSENSEJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwestsoutheastnorth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Leça da Palmeira is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences some seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 4.2 months, from June 15 to October 23, with an average temperature above 62°F. The month of the year in Leça da Palmeira with the warmest water is August, with an average temperature of 64°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 3.5 months, from December 30 to April 13, with an average temperature below 58°F. The month of the year in Leça da Palmeira with the coolest water is February, with an average temperature of 56°F.

Average Water Temperature in Leça da Palmeira

Average Water Temperature in Leça da PalmeirawarmcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec54°F54°F56°F56°F58°F58°F60°F60°F62°F62°F64°F64°F66°F66°F68°F68°FAug 2864°FAug 2864°F56°FFeb 1956°FFeb 19Jun 1562°FJun 1562°FOct 2362°FOct 2362°FDec 3058°FDec 3058°FApr 1358°FApr 1358°FNowNow
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
WaterJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Temperature 57°F56°F57°F58°F60°F62°F63°F64°F64°F63°F61°F58°F

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Leça da Palmeira throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Leça da Palmeira for general outdoor tourist activities is from mid June to early September, with a peak score in the third week of July.

Tourism Score in Leça da Palmeira

Tourism Score in Leça da Palmeirabest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810108.68.62.32.3NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Leça da Palmeira for hot-weather activities is from mid July to late August, with a peak score in the last week of July.

Beach/Pool Score in Leça da Palmeira

Beach/Pool Score in Leça da Palmeirabest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810105.65.60.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

While it does not do so every year, freezing temperatures are seen in Leça da Palmeira over some winters. The day least likely to be in the growing season is January 16, with a 56% chance.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Leça da Palmeira

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Leça da Palmeiragrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%90%Feb 2490%Feb 2490%Dec 1990%Dec 1956%Jan 1656%Jan 16Jul 20100%Jul 20100%NowNowvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarm
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Leça da Palmeira should appear around February 1, only rarely appearing before January 20 or after February 16.

Growing Degree Days in Leça da Palmeira

Growing Degree Days in Leça da PalmeiraJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F500°F500°F1,000°F1,000°F1,500°F1,500°F2,000°F2,000°F2,500°F2,500°F3,000°F3,000°F3,500°F3,500°F4,000°F4,000°FFeb 190°FFeb 190°FMay 31900°FMay 31900°FJul 271,800°FJul 271,800°FDec 313,548°FDec 313,548°FNowNow
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.1 months, from May 16 to August 20, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 6.6 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Leça da Palmeira is July, with an average of 7.7 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.7 months, from October 24 to February 15, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 2.9 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Leça da Palmeira is December, with an average of 1.7 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Leça da Palmeira

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Leça da PalmeirabrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhJul 57.9 kWhJul 57.9 kWhDec 241.7 kWhDec 241.7 kWhMay 166.6 kWhMay 166.6 kWhAug 206.6 kWhAug 206.6 kWhOct 242.9 kWhOct 242.9 kWhFeb 152.9 kWhFeb 152.9 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 2.02.94.35.56.67.67.76.85.13.42.21.7

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Leça da Palmeira are 41.191 deg latitude, -8.700 deg longitude, and 59 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Leça da Palmeira contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 285 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 57 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (1,033 feet). Within 50 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (4,695 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Leça da Palmeira is covered by artificial surfaces (52%) and water (41%), within 10 miles by water (51%) and artificial surfaces (25%), and within 50 miles by water (47%) and trees (24%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Leça da Palmeira, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 2 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Leça da Palmeira.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Leça da Palmeira according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Leça da Palmeira is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Leça da Palmeira and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Leça da Palmeira and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.