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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Manning South Carolina, United States

In Manning, the summers are hot and oppressive, the winters are cold, and it is wet and partly cloudy year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 37°F to 91°F and is rarely below 24°F or above 97°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best times of year to visit Manning for warm-weather activities are from mid April to early June and from early September to late October.

Climate in Manning

coolwarmhotwarmcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow66%66%49%49%clearovercastprecipitation: 4.4 inprecipitation: 4.4 in2.3 in2.3 inmuggy: 96%muggy: 96%0%0%drydrytourism score: 6.2tourism score: 6.21.81.8
Manning weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The hot season lasts for 3.8 months, from May 21 to September 14, with an average daily high temperature above 84°F. The hottest month of the year in Manning is July, with an average high of 90°F and low of 72°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.0 months, from November 28 to February 27, with an average daily high temperature below 64°F. The coldest month of the year in Manning is January, with an average low of 37°F and high of 57°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Manning

Average High and Low Temperature in ManninghotcoolcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FJan 1757°FJan 1757°FJul 1391°FJul 1391°F37°F37°F72°F72°FMay 2184°FMay 2184°FSep 1484°FSep 1484°FNov 2864°FNov 2864°FFeb 2764°FFeb 2764°F63°F63°F65°F65°F42°F42°F42°F42°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 57°F61°F68°F76°F83°F88°F90°F88°F84°F75°F67°F60°F
Temp. 46°F49°F56°F63°F71°F78°F80°F78°F73°F63°F54°F48°F
Low 37°F39°F46°F52°F61°F69°F72°F70°F64°F54°F44°F39°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Manning

Average Hourly Temperature in ManningJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowvery coldvery coldcoldcoldcoldcoolcoolcomfortablewarmwarmhotvery coldcoolvery cold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
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In Manning, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Manning begins around August 26 and lasts for 3.0 months, ending around November 26.

The clearest month of the year in Manning is October, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 65% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around November 26 and lasts for 9.0 months, ending around August 26.

The cloudiest month of the year in Manning is July, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 50% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Manning

Cloud Cover Categories in ManningclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Oct 2666%Oct 2666%Jul 1149%Jul 1149%Aug 2657%Aug 2657%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 49%49%44%40%42%47%50%45%40%35%40%47%
Clearer 51%51%56%60%58%53%50%55%60%65%60%53%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Manning varies significantly throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 3.3 months, from May 25 to September 3, with a greater than 35% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Manning is July, with an average of 14.9 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 8.7 months, from September 3 to May 25. The month with the fewest wet days in Manning is November, with an average of 5.9 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Manning is July, with an average of 14.9 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 51% on July 24.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Manning

Daily Chance of Precipitation in ManningwetdrydryJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Jul 2451%Jul 2451%Oct 2918%Oct 2918%May 2535%May 2535%Sep 335%Sep 335%NowNowrainmixed
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 7.4d7.4d8.1d8.0d9.8d12.7d14.9d13.8d9.4d6.9d5.9d6.9d
Mixed 0.6d0.4d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d0.3d
Snow 0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d
Any 8.1d7.9d8.2d8.0d9.8d12.7d14.9d13.8d9.4d6.9d5.9d7.2d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Manning experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

Rain falls throughout the year in Manning. The month with the most rain in Manning is August, with an average rainfall of 4.4 inches.

The month with the least rain in Manning is November, with an average rainfall of 2.5 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Manning

The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 3.1″3.4″3.3″2.8″2.9″3.9″4.1″4.4″3.8″3.0″2.5″2.9″

The length of the day in Manning varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 55 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 14 hours, 24 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Manning

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in ManningJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 7 minMar 1912 hr, 7 minMar 1914 hr, 24 minJun 2014 hr, 24 minJun 2012 hr, 10 minSep 2212 hr, 10 minSep 229 hr, 55 minDec 219 hr, 55 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 10.2h11.0h12.0h13.1h13.9h14.4h14.1h13.3h12.3h11.3h10.4h10.0h

The earliest sunrise is at 6:09 AM on June 12, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 31 minutes later at 7:41 AM on November 2. The earliest sunset is at 5:12 PM on December 3, and the latest sunset is 3 hours, 23 minutes later at 8:35 PM on June 28.

Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in Manning during 2024, starting in the spring on March 10, lasting 7.8 months, and ending in the fall on November 3.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in Manning

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in ManningJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJun 126:09 AMJun 126:09 AM8:35 PMJun 288:35 PMJun 28Dec 35:12 PMDec 35:12 PM7:41 AMNov 27:41 AMNov 2Mar 10DSTMar 10DSTDSTNov 3DSTNov 3daynightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Manning

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in ManningJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM00010101010202020303030404040505060607000010101020202020303030404040505060703380NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Manning

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Manning experiences extreme seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 5.2 months, from May 8 to October 14, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 24% of the time. The month with the most muggy days in Manning is July, with 29.1 days that are muggy or worse.

The month with the fewest muggy days in Manning is February, with 0.3 days that are muggy or worse.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Manning

Humidity Comfort Levels in ManningmuggyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Jan 310%Jan 310%96%Aug 496%Aug 4May 824%May 824%Oct 1424%Oct 1424%NowNowmiserablemiserableoppressiveoppressivedrydryhumidhumidmuggymuggy
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.3d0.3d0.7d2.8d11.1d23.1d29.1d28.4d19.2d7.5d2.3d0.9d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Manning experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 6.4 months, from November 4 to May 17, with average wind speeds of more than 7.4 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Manning is March, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.7 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 5.6 months, from May 17 to November 4. The calmest month of the year in Manning is August, with an average hourly wind speed of 6.1 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Manning

Average Wind Speed in ManningwindywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mph14 mph14 mphMar 78.8 mphMar 78.8 mphAug 86.0 mphAug 86.0 mphNov 47.4 mphNov 47.4 mphMay 177.4 mphMay 177.4 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 8.08.58.78.47.56.76.36.16.97.37.57.7

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Manning varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the south for 4.9 months, from March 23 to August 21, with a peak percentage of 43% on July 13. The wind is most often from the north for 3.0 months, from September 30 to December 29, with a peak percentage of 35% on October 22. The wind is most often from the west for 2.8 months, from December 29 to March 23, with a peak percentage of 32% on January 1.

Wind Direction in Manning

Wind Direction in ManningWSENJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwestsoutheastnorth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Manning throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Manning for general outdoor tourist activities are from mid April to early June and from early September to late October, with a peak score in the second week of May.

Tourism Score in Manning

Tourism Score in Manningbest timebest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810106.26.21.81.86.16.14.44.4NowNowtemperaturetemperaturecloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Manning for hot-weather activities is from mid May to late September, with a peak score in the last week of August.

Beach/Pool Score in Manning

Beach/Pool Score in Manningbest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810105.65.60.30.35.65.6NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Manning typically lasts for 7.7 months (236 days), from around March 20 to around November 11, rarely starting before February 29 or after April 14, and rarely ending before October 25 or after November 30.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Manning

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Manninggrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%50%Mar 2050%Mar 2050%Nov 1150%Nov 1190%Apr 1490%Apr 1490%Oct 2590%Oct 2510%Feb 2910%Feb 2910%Nov 3010%Nov 300%Jan 200%Jan 20Jul 25100%Jul 25100%NowNowvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarmhot
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Manning should appear around January 30, only rarely appearing before January 16 or after February 17.

Growing Degree Days in Manning

Growing Degree Days in ManningJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F1,000°F1,000°F2,000°F2,000°F3,000°F3,000°F4,000°F4,000°F5,000°F5,000°FJan 3089°FJan 3089°FApr 30900°FApr 30900°FJun 101,800°FJun 101,800°FDec 315,587°FDec 315,587°FNowNow
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.7 months, from April 7 to July 29, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 5.9 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Manning is May, with an average of 6.6 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 2.8 months, from November 11 to February 6, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 3.4 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Manning is December, with an average of 2.7 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Manning

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in ManningbrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhMay 186.7 kWhMay 186.7 kWhDec 202.6 kWhDec 202.6 kWhApr 75.9 kWhApr 75.9 kWhJul 295.9 kWhJul 295.9 kWhFeb 63.4 kWhFeb 63.4 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 2.93.85.06.16.66.56.15.75.24.43.32.7

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Manning are 33.695 deg latitude, -80.211 deg longitude, and 121 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Manning is essentially flat, with a maximum elevation change of 66 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 103 feet. Within 10 miles is essentially flat (138 feet). Within 50 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (538 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Manning is covered by artificial surfaces (43%), cropland (29%), and herbaceous vegetation (25%), within 10 miles by cropland (50%) and trees (29%), and within 50 miles by trees (47%) and cropland (29%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Manning, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 3 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Manning.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Manning according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Manning is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Manning and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

  • Santee Cooper Regional Airport (KMNI, 71%, 7 mi, south, -20 ft elevation change)
  • Williamsburg Regional Airport (KCKI, 15%, 21 mi, east, -56 ft elevation change)
  • Sumter Airport (KSMS, 13%, 23 mi, northwest, 59 ft elevation change)

Sources mapKMNI, 71%7 mi, -20 ftKCKI, 15%21 mi, -56 ftKSMS, 13%23 mi, 59 ft© OpenStreetMap contributors

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Manning and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.