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Climate and Average Weather Year Round at Santander Airport Spain

At Santander Airport, the summers are comfortable and dry; the winters are long, cold, wet, and windy; and it is partly cloudy year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 42°F to 74°F and is rarely below 33°F or above 80°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Santander Airport for warm-weather activities is from late June to early September.

Climate at Santander Airport

coolcomfortablecoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow76%76%37%37%overcastclearprecipitation: 3.5 inprecipitation: 3.5 in0.7 in0.7 inmuggy: 20%muggy: 20%0%0%drydrytourism score: 8.3tourism score: 8.31.71.7
Santander Airport weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The warm season lasts for 3.0 months, from June 26 to September 27, with an average daily high temperature above 70°F. The hottest month of the year at Santander Airport is August, with an average high of 74°F and low of 61°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.7 months, from December 1 to March 23, with an average daily high temperature below 59°F. The coldest month of the year at Santander Airport is February, with an average low of 42°F and high of 55°F.

Average High and Low Temperature at Santander Airport

Average High and Low Temperature at Santander AirportwarmcoolcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FFeb 655°FFeb 655°FAug 574°FAug 574°F42°F42°F61°F61°FJun 2670°FJun 2670°FSep 2770°FSep 2770°FDec 159°FDec 159°FMar 2359°FMar 2359°F57°F57°F56°F56°F45°F45°F45°F45°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 55°F55°F58°F61°F65°F69°F73°F74°F72°F68°F62°F57°F
Temp. 49°F49°F52°F54°F59°F63°F67°F68°F65°F61°F55°F51°F
Low 42°F42°F44°F47°F51°F56°F60°F61°F57°F53°F48°F44°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature at Santander Airport

Average Hourly Temperature at Santander AirportJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowcoldcoldcoolcomfortablecomfortable
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Clifton Springs, Victoria, Australia (10,766 miles away) and Waihi, New Zealand (12,032 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Santander Airport (view comparison).

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At Santander Airport, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year at Santander Airport begins around June 10 and lasts for 3.3 months, ending around September 18.

The clearest month of the year at Santander Airport is July, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 74% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around September 18 and lasts for 8.7 months, ending around June 10.

The cloudiest month of the year at Santander Airport is January, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 62% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories at Santander Airport

Cloud Cover Categories at Santander AirportclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jul 2376%Jul 2376%Jan 1637%Jan 1637%Jun 1056%Jun 1056%Sep 1857%Sep 1857%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 62%58%55%53%50%40%26%30%42%54%61%62%
Clearer 38%42%45%47%50%60%74%70%58%46%39%38%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days at Santander Airport varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 7.5 months, from September 24 to May 7, with a greater than 24% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days at Santander Airport is November, with an average of 10.6 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 4.5 months, from May 7 to September 24. The month with the fewest wet days at Santander Airport is July, with an average of 3.2 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone at Santander Airport is November, with an average of 10.6 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 38% on November 22.

Daily Chance of Precipitation at Santander Airport

Daily Chance of Precipitation at Santander AirportwetwetdryJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Nov 2238%Nov 2238%Jul 510%Jul 510%Sep 2424%Sep 2424%May 724%May 724%NowNowrain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 10.3d8.7d8.3d9.0d6.9d4.6d3.2d3.7d5.9d8.8d10.6d10.3d
Mixed 0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d
Any 10.5d8.7d8.3d9.0d6.9d4.6d3.2d3.7d5.9d8.8d10.6d10.3d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Santander Airport experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

Rain falls throughout the year at Santander Airport. The month with the most rain at Santander Airport is November, with an average rainfall of 3.5 inches.

The month with the least rain at Santander Airport is July, with an average rainfall of 0.7 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall at Santander Airport

Average Monthly Rainfall at Santander AirportJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in1 in1 in2 in2 in3 in3 in4 in4 in5 in5 in6 in6 in7 in7 inNov 213.5 inNov 213.5 inJul 230.7 inJul 230.7 inJan 162.8 inJan 162.8 inApr 92.5 inApr 92.5 inNowNow
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 2.8″2.7″2.3″2.5″1.7″1.3″0.7″0.9″1.6″2.7″3.5″2.9″

The length of the day at Santander Airport varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 8 hours, 57 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 15 hours, 25 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight at Santander Airport

Hours of Daylight and Twilight at Santander AirportJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 7 minMar 2012 hr, 7 minMar 2015 hr, 25 minJun 2015 hr, 25 minJun 2012 hr, 9 minSep 2212 hr, 9 minSep 228 hr, 57 minDec 218 hr, 57 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 9.4h10.5h12.0h13.5h14.7h15.4h15.0h13.9h12.5h11.0h9.7h9.0h

The earliest sunrise is at 6:33 AM on June 14, and the latest sunrise is 2 hours, 14 minutes later at 8:48 AM on January 4. The earliest sunset is at 5:39 PM on December 8, and the latest sunset is 4 hours, 21 minutes later at 10:00 PM on June 26.

Daylight saving time (DST) is observed at Santander Airport during 2024, starting in the spring on March 31, lasting 6.9 months, and ending in the fall on October 27.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time at Santander Airport

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time at Santander AirportJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AM2 AMJun 146:33 AMJun 146:33 AM10:00 PMJun 2610:00 PMJun 26Dec 85:39 PMDec 85:39 PM8:48 AMJan 48:48 AMJan 4Mar 31DSTMar 31DSTDSTOct 27DSTOct 27daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunset
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth at Santander Airport

Solar Elevation and Azimuth at Santander AirportJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM0000101010202020303030404050606000010101010202020303040405050602370NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases at Santander Airport

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Santander Airport experiences some seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 3.0 months, from June 26 to September 26, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 5% of the time. The month with the most muggy days at Santander Airport is August, with 5.7 days that are muggy or worse.

The least muggy day of the year is February 26, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.

Humidity Comfort Levels at Santander Airport

Humidity Comfort Levels at Santander AirportmuggyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Feb 260%Feb 260%Aug 1220%Aug 1220%Jun 265%Jun 265%Sep 265%Sep 265%NowNowmuggymuggyhumidhumidcomfortablecomfortabledrydry
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d0.9d4.0d5.7d2.7d0.4d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed at Santander Airport experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 6.5 months, from October 8 to April 24, with average wind speeds of more than 10.5 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year at Santander Airport is December, with an average hourly wind speed of 12.6 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 5.5 months, from April 24 to October 8. The calmest month of the year at Santander Airport is August, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.4 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed at Santander Airport

Average Wind Speed at Santander AirportwindywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mph14 mph14 mph16 mph16 mph18 mph18 mph20 mph20 mph22 mph22 mphDec 1312.7 mphDec 1312.7 mphAug 38.3 mphAug 38.3 mphOct 810.5 mphOct 810.5 mphApr 2410.5 mphApr 2410.5 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 12.512.111.310.99.28.78.58.49.310.812.012.6

The predominant average hourly wind direction at Santander Airport varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the north for 3.3 months, from May 30 to September 9, with a peak percentage of 41% on August 4. The wind is most often from the west for 2.7 weeks, from September 20 to October 9 and for 6.9 months, from November 3 to May 30, with a peak percentage of 30% on October 8. The wind is most often from the south for 3.6 weeks, from October 9 to November 3, with a peak percentage of 35% on October 28.

Wind Direction at Santander Airport

Wind Direction at Santander AirportWNEWSWJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwestsoutheastnorth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Santander Airport is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences some seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 2.6 months, from July 7 to September 25, with an average temperature above 67°F. The month of the year at Santander Airport with the warmest water is August, with an average temperature of 70°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 4.9 months, from December 10 to May 6, with an average temperature below 57°F. The month of the year at Santander Airport with the coolest water is February, with an average temperature of 54°F.

Average Water Temperature at Santander Airport

Average Water Temperature at Santander AirportwarmcoolcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec50°F50°F55°F55°F60°F60°F65°F65°F70°F70°F75°F75°FAug 1470°FAug 1470°F54°FFeb 2554°FFeb 25Jul 767°FJul 767°FSep 2567°FSep 2567°FDec 1057°FDec 1057°FMay 657°FMay 657°FNowNow
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
WaterJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Temperature 55°F54°F55°F56°F59°F64°F68°F70°F68°F64°F60°F57°F

To characterize how pleasant the weather is at Santander Airport throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Santander Airport for general outdoor tourist activities is from late June to early September, with a peak score in the last week of July.

Tourism Score at Santander Airport

Tourism Score at Santander Airportbest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810108.38.31.71.7NowNowtemperaturetemperature precipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Santander Airport for hot-weather activities is from mid July to late August, with a peak score in the first week of August.

Beach/Pool Score at Santander Airport

Beach/Pool Score at Santander AirportJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810105.45.40.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season at Santander Airport typically lasts for 10 months (311 days), from around February 18 to around December 25, rarely starting after March 21, or ending before November 19.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season at Santander Airport

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season at Santander Airportgrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%50%Feb 1850%Feb 1850%Dec 2550%Dec 2590%Mar 2190%Mar 2190%Nov 1990%Nov 1922%Jan 1622%Jan 16Jul 29100%Jul 29100%NowNowvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarm
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms at Santander Airport should appear around February 10, only rarely appearing before January 25 or after March 12.

Growing Degree Days at Santander Airport

Growing Degree Days at Santander AirportJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F500°F500°F1,000°F1,000°F1,500°F1,500°F2,000°F2,000°F2,500°F2,500°F3,000°F3,000°F3,500°F3,500°FFeb 1090°FFeb 1090°FJun 19900°FJun 19900°FAug 131,800°FAug 131,800°FDec 313,204°FDec 313,204°FNowNow
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.2 months, from May 13 to August 19, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 6.1 kWh. The brightest month of the year at Santander Airport is July, with an average of 7.2 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.6 months, from October 26 to February 16, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 2.6 kWh. The darkest month of the year at Santander Airport is December, with an average of 1.5 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy at Santander Airport

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy at Santander AirportbrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhJul 47.3 kWhJul 47.3 kWhDec 271.4 kWhDec 271.4 kWhMay 136.1 kWhMay 136.1 kWhAug 196.1 kWhAug 196.1 kWhOct 262.6 kWhOct 262.6 kWhFeb 162.6 kWhFeb 162.6 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 1.72.63.95.16.27.07.26.24.73.11.91.5

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Santander Airport are 43.427 deg latitude, -3.823 deg longitude, and 0 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Santander Airport contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 236 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 22 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (2,802 feet). Within 50 miles contains large variations in elevation (8,176 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Santander Airport is covered by artificial surfaces (45%) and water (35%), within 10 miles by water (32%) and cropland (25%), and within 50 miles by water (51%) and trees (21%).

This report illustrates the typical weather at Santander Airport, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

Santander Airport has a weather station that reported reliably enough during the analysis period that we have included it in our network. When available, historical temperature and dew point measurements are taken directly from this weather station. These records are obtained from NOAA's Integrated Surface Hourly data set, falling back on ICAO METAR records as required.

In the case of missing or erroneous measurements from this station, we fall back on records from nearby stations, adjusted according to typical seasonal and diurnal intra-station differences. For a given day of the year and hour of the day, the fallback station is selected to minimize the prediction error over the years for which there are measurements for both stations.

The stations on which we may fall back are Burgos Villafria Airport, Vitoria Airport, Logrono / Agoncillo, and Biarritz Pays Basque Airport.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.