Average Weather at Forūdgāh-e Gorgān Iran

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4. Forūdgāh-e Gorgān

At Forūdgāh-e Gorgān, the summers are long, hot, muggy, arid, and clear and the winters are long, cold, dry, and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 36°F to 93°F and is rarely below 29°F or above 99°F.

The hot season lasts for 4.0 months, from May 23 to September 22, with an average daily high temperature above 85°F. The hottest day of the year is August 7, with an average high of 93°F and low of 74°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.7 months, from November 26 to March 18, with an average daily high temperature below 62°F. The coldest day of the year is January 23, with an average low of 36°F and high of 54°F.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

At Forūdgāh-e Gorgān, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year at Forūdgāh-e Gorgān begins around May 21 and lasts for 4.8 months, ending around October 16. On August 11, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 99% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 1% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around October 16 and lasts for 7.2 months, ending around May 21. On March 4, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 44% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 56% of the time.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days at Forūdgāh-e Gorgān varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 6.8 months, from October 14 to May 7, with a greater than 9% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 14% on February 6.

The drier season lasts 5.2 months, from May 7 to October 14. The smallest chance of a wet day is 3% on June 26.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 13% on March 2.

Rainfall

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Forūdgāh-e Gorgān experiences some seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 6.6 months, from October 8 to April 27, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around March 16, with an average total accumulation of 0.8 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 5.4 months, from April 27 to October 8. The least rain falls around June 26, with an average total accumulation of 0.2 inches.

The length of the day at Forūdgāh-e Gorgān varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2017, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 38 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 21, with 14 hours, 42 minutes of daylight.

The earliest sunrise is at 5:32 AM on June 13, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 33 minutes later at 7:05 AM on January 6. The earliest sunset is at 4:35 PM on December 6, and the latest sunset is 3 hours, 40 minutes later at 8:15 PM on June 28.

Daylight saving time (DST) is observed at Forūdgāh-e Gorgān during 2017, starting in the spring on March 22, lasting 6.0 months, and ending in the fall on September 21.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Forūdgāh-e Gorgān experiences extreme seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 4.1 months, from June 1 to October 3, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 19% of the time. The muggiest day of the year is July 26, with muggy conditions 74% of the time.

The least muggy day of the year is January 29, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The predominant average hourly wind direction at Forūdgāh-e Gorgān varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the west for 2.0 months, from February 13 to April 13, with a peak percentage of 36% on March 8. The wind is most often from the north for 6.6 months, from April 13 to October 31, with a peak percentage of 48% on July 18. The wind is most often from the south for 3.5 months, from October 31 to February 13, with a peak percentage of 43% on January 1.

Forūdgāh-e Gorgān is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 3.6 months, from June 14 to October 3, with an average temperature above 76°F. The day of the year with the warmest water is August 8, with an average temperature of 83°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 3.6 months, from December 21 to April 9, with an average temperature below 58°F. The day of the year with the coolest water is February 17, with an average temperature of 51°F.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.5 months, from May 8 to August 25, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 6.9 kWh. The brightest day of the year is June 21, with an average of 8.1 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.4 months, from November 1 to February 12, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 3.6 kWh. The darkest day of the year is December 14, with an average of 2.5 kWh.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Forūdgāh-e Gorgān are 36.909 deg latitude, 54.401 deg longitude, and -39 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Forūdgāh-e Gorgān contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 125 feet and an average elevation above sea level of -38 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (2,379 feet). Within 50 miles contains large variations in elevation (12,894 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Forūdgāh-e Gorgān is covered by cropland (100%), within 10 miles by cropland (72%) and shrubs (11%), and within 50 miles by shrubs (28%) and trees (21%).

This report illustrates the typical weather at Forūdgāh-e Gorgān, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

Forūdgāh-e Gorgān has a weather station that reported reliably enough during the analysis period that we have included it in our network. When available, historical temperature and dew point measurements are taken directly from this weather station. These records are obtained from NOAA's Integrated Surface Hourly data set, falling back on ICAO METAR records as required.

In the case of missing or erroneous measurements from this station, we fall back on records from nearby stations, adjusted according to typical seasonal and diurnal intra-station differences. For a given day of the year and hour of the day, the fallback station is selected to minimize the prediction error over the years for which there are measurements for both stations.

The stations on which we may fall back are Dasht-e Naz Airport and Semnan.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Tables of the Sun, Moon and Planets , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for aiports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © Esri, with data from National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and iPC.