Average Weather at Linkoping / Malmen Sweden

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5. Linkoping / Malmen

At Linkoping / Malmen, the summers are comfortable and partly cloudy and the winters are long, freezing, dry, and overcast. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 22°F to 71°F and is rarely below 5°F or above 81°F.

The warm season lasts for 3.3 months, from May 28 to September 6, with an average daily high temperature above 63°F. The hottest day of the year is July 21, with an average high of 71°F and low of 53°F.

The cold season lasts for 4.0 months, from November 17 to March 18, with an average daily high temperature below 40°F. The coldest day of the year is February 8, with an average low of 22°F and high of 32°F.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

At Linkoping / Malmen, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year at Linkoping / Malmen begins around March 31 and lasts for 6.3 months, ending around October 8. On July 7, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 56% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 44% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around October 8 and lasts for 5.7 months, ending around March 31. On December 4, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 78% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 22% of the time.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days at Linkoping / Malmen varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 6.4 months, from May 10 to November 23, with a greater than 26% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 35% on July 1.

The drier season lasts 5.6 months, from November 23 to May 10. The smallest chance of a wet day is 17% on February 28.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 35% on July 1.

Rainfall

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Linkoping / Malmen experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

Rain falls throughout the year at Linkoping / Malmen. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around July 8, with an average total accumulation of 3.0 inches.

The least rain falls around February 20, with an average total accumulation of 0.6 inches.

Snowfall

We report snowfall in liquid-equivalent terms. The actual depth of new snowfall is typically between 5 and 10 times the liquid-equivalent amount, assuming the ground is frozen. Colder, drier snow tends to be on the higher end of that range and warmer, wetter snow on the lower end.

As with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Linkoping / Malmen experiences some seasonal variation in monthly liquid-equivalent snowfall.

The snowy period of the year lasts for 5.1 months, from November 5 to April 9, with a sliding 31-day liquid-equivalent snowfall of at least 0.1 inches. The most snow falls during the 31 days centered around December 19, with an average total liquid-equivalent accumulation of 0.4 inches.

The snowless period of the year lasts for 6.9 months, from April 9 to November 5. The least snow falls around July 29, with an average total liquid-equivalent accumulation of 0.0 inches.

The length of the day at Linkoping / Malmen varies extremely over the course of the year. In 2017, the shortest day is December 21, with 6 hours, 21 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 21, with 18 hours, 19 minutes of daylight.

The earliest sunrise is at 3:50 AM on June 18, and the latest sunrise is 4 hours, 57 minutes later at 8:47 AM on December 28. The earliest sunset is at 3:04 PM on December 15, and the latest sunset is 7 hours, 4 minutes later at 10:09 PM on June 23.

Daylight saving time (DST) is observed at Linkoping / Malmen during 2017, starting in the spring on March 26, lasting 7.1 months, and ending in the fall on October 29.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The perceived humidity level at Linkoping / Malmen, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year, staying within 1% of 1% throughout.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The predominant average hourly wind direction at Linkoping / Malmen is from the west throughout the year.

Linkoping / Malmen is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 2.6 months, from June 27 to September 16, with an average temperature above 57°F. The day of the year with the warmest water is August 6, with an average temperature of 63°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 4.7 months, from December 10 to April 30, with an average temperature below 40°F. The day of the year with the coolest water is February 28, with an average temperature of 34°F.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.3 months, from May 3 to August 11, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 4.9 kWh. The brightest day of the year is June 20, with an average of 6.1 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 4.3 months, from October 16 to February 25, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 1.5 kWh. The darkest day of the year is December 19, with an average of 0.2 kWh.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Linkoping / Malmen are 58.402 deg latitude, 15.526 deg longitude, and 256 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Linkoping / Malmen contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 184 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 259 feet. Within 10 miles also contains only modest variations in elevation (420 feet). Within 50 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (1,138 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Linkoping / Malmen is covered by cropland (44%), artificial surfaces (36%), and trees (16%), within 10 miles by cropland (56%) and trees (23%), and within 50 miles by trees (60%) and cropland (19%).

This report illustrates the typical weather at Linkoping / Malmen, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

Linkoping / Malmen has a weather station that reported reliably enough during the analysis period that we have included it in our network. When available, historical temperature and dew point measurements are taken directly from this weather station. These records are obtained from NOAA's Integrated Surface Hourly data set, falling back on ICAO METAR records as required.

In the case of missing or erroneous measurements from this station, we fall back on records from nearby stations, adjusted according to typical seasonal and diurnal intra-station differences. For a given day of the year and hour of the day, the fallback station is selected to minimize the prediction error over the years for which there are measurements for both stations.

The stations on which we may fall back include but are not limited to Linköping City Airport, Norrköping Airport, Hultsfred Airport, Örebro Airport, Stockholm Skavsta Airport, Skövde Airport, Jönköping Airport, and Stockholm-Västerås Airport.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Tables of the Sun, Moon and Planets , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for aiports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © Esri, with data from National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and iPC.