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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Osaka Japan

In Osaka, the summers are short, hot, oppressive, and mostly cloudy; the winters are very cold and mostly clear; and it is wet year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 34°F to 91°F and is rarely below 29°F or above 96°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best times of year to visit Osaka for warm-weather activities are from late May to early June and from early September to mid October.

Climate in Osaka

coldcoolwarmhotwarmcoolcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow76%76%27%27%clearovercastprecipitation: 8.3 inprecipitation: 8.3 in1.9 in1.9 inmuggy: 96%muggy: 96%0%0%drydrytourism score: 6.6tourism score: 6.60.10.1
Osaka weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The hot season lasts for 2.8 months, from June 24 to September 18, with an average daily high temperature above 82°F. The hottest month of the year in Osaka is August, with an average high of 90°F and low of 76°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.5 months, from December 3 to March 18, with an average daily high temperature below 56°F. The coldest month of the year in Osaka is January, with an average low of 35°F and high of 48°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Osaka

Average High and Low Temperature in OsakahotcoolcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FJan 2747°FJan 2747°FAug 691°FAug 691°F34°F34°F77°F77°FJun 2482°FJun 2482°FSep 1882°FSep 1882°FDec 356°FDec 356°FMar 1856°FMar 1856°F70°F70°F69°F69°F42°F42°F41°F41°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 48°F49°F56°F66°F75°F81°F88°F90°F83°F73°F62°F53°F
Temp. 41°F42°F48°F58°F67°F74°F81°F83°F76°F65°F55°F45°F
Low 35°F36°F41°F51°F59°F68°F75°F76°F70°F58°F48°F39°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Osaka

Average Hourly Temperature in OsakaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowvery coldvery coldcoldcoldcoolcoolwarmhotcomfortablevery coldvery coldcomfortable
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States (7,103 miles away) and Hashtpar, Iran (4,649 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Osaka (view comparison).

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In Osaka, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Osaka begins around September 16 and lasts for 6.5 months, ending around April 1.

The clearest month of the year in Osaka is December, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 75% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around April 1 and lasts for 5.5 months, ending around September 16.

The cloudiest month of the year in Osaka is June, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 68% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Osaka

Cloud Cover Categories in OsakaclearerclearercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Dec 1576%Dec 1576%Jul 127%Jul 127%Sep 1651%Sep 1651%Apr 151%Apr 151%NowNowclearmostly clearovercastpartly cloudy
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 30%37%45%50%56%68%65%51%49%37%30%25%
Clearer 70%63%55%50%44%32%35%49%51%63%70%75%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Osaka varies significantly throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 3.9 months, from June 4 to October 1, with a greater than 36% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Osaka is June, with an average of 13.4 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 8.1 months, from October 1 to June 4. The month with the fewest wet days in Osaka is January, with an average of 6.5 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Osaka is June, with an average of 13.4 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 53% on July 1.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Osaka

Daily Chance of Precipitation in OsakawetdrydryJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Jul 153%Jul 153%Dec 2819%Dec 2819%Jun 436%Jun 436%Oct 136%Oct 136%NowNowrain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 6.2d7.0d9.8d10.0d10.4d13.4d13.4d11.4d12.3d9.4d7.2d6.5d
Mixed 0.2d0.2d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d
Any 6.5d7.3d9.8d10.0d10.4d13.4d13.4d11.4d12.3d9.4d7.2d6.6d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Osaka experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

Rain falls throughout the year in Osaka. The month with the most rain in Osaka is June, with an average rainfall of 7.5 inches.

The month with the least rain in Osaka is January, with an average rainfall of 1.9 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Osaka

The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 1.9″2.8″4.1″4.8″5.6″7.5″6.7″4.9″6.9″5.0″3.0″2.1″

The length of the day in Osaka varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 50 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 21, with 14 hours, 29 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Osaka

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in OsakaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 8 minMar 2012 hr, 8 minMar 2014 hr, 29 minJun 2114 hr, 29 minJun 2112 hr, 9 minSep 2212 hr, 9 minSep 229 hr, 50 minDec 219 hr, 50 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 10.1h10.9h12.0h13.1h14.0h14.4h14.2h13.4h12.4h11.3h10.4h9.9h

The earliest sunrise is at 4:44 AM on June 12, and the latest sunrise is 2 hours, 21 minutes later at 7:05 AM on January 9. The earliest sunset is at 4:46 PM on December 5, and the latest sunset is 2 hours, 28 minutes later at 7:15 PM on June 29.

Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Osaka during 2024.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in Osaka

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in OsakaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJun 124:44 AMJun 124:44 AM7:15 PMJun 297:15 PMJun 29Dec 54:46 PMDec 54:46 PM7:05 AMJan 97:05 AMJan 9daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunset
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Osaka

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in OsakaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM00001010101020202020303030304040405050506060700000101010102020202030303030404040505060703279NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Osaka

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Osaka experiences extreme seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 3.7 months, from June 8 to September 29, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 24% of the time. The month with the most muggy days in Osaka is August, with 28.3 days that are muggy or worse.

The least muggy day of the year is February 9, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Osaka

Humidity Comfort Levels in OsakamuggyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Feb 90%Feb 90%96%Aug 496%Aug 4Jun 824%Jun 824%Sep 2924%Sep 2924%NowNowmiserablemiserableoppressiveoppressivedrydryhumidhumid
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.3d1.5d12.1d27.5d28.3d15.1d2.3d0.1d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Osaka experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 5.5 months, from November 20 to May 5, with average wind speeds of more than 7.7 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Osaka is February, with an average hourly wind speed of 9.3 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 6.5 months, from May 5 to November 20. The calmest month of the year in Osaka is August, with an average hourly wind speed of 6.2 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Osaka

Average Wind Speed in OsakawindywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mph14 mph14 mph16 mph16 mphMar 99.4 mphMar 99.4 mphAug 26.1 mphAug 26.1 mphNov 207.7 mphNov 207.7 mphMay 57.7 mphMay 57.7 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 9.09.39.28.37.26.46.36.26.97.37.68.5

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Osaka varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the north for 2.9 months, from January 27 to April 24 and for 3.0 months, from August 30 to November 29, with a peak percentage of 51% on October 9. The wind is most often from the south for 4.2 months, from April 24 to August 30, with a peak percentage of 41% on July 14. The wind is most often from the west for 1.9 months, from November 29 to January 27, with a peak percentage of 48% on January 1.

Wind Direction in Osaka

Wind Direction in OsakaWNSNWJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwestsouthnortheast
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Osaka is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 2.7 months, from July 12 to October 2, with an average temperature above 76°F. The month of the year in Osaka with the warmest water is August, with an average temperature of 80°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 4.7 months, from December 14 to May 4, with an average temperature below 63°F. The month of the year in Osaka with the coolest water is February, with an average temperature of 59°F.

Average Water Temperature in Osaka

Average Water Temperature in OsakawarmcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec50°F50°F55°F55°F60°F60°F65°F65°F70°F70°F75°F75°F80°F80°F85°F85°FAug 1780°FAug 1780°F58°FFeb 2158°FFeb 21Jul 1276°FJul 1276°FOct 276°FOct 276°FDec 1463°FDec 1463°FMay 463°FMay 463°FNowNow
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
WaterJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Temperature 60°F59°F59°F61°F65°F70°F76°F80°F78°F73°F67°F63°F

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Osaka throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Osaka for general outdoor tourist activities are from late May to early June and from early September to mid October, with a peak score in the last week of September.

Tourism Score in Osaka

Tourism Score in OsakaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810106.66.60.10.16.06.04.54.5NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Osaka for hot-weather activities is from late July to early September, with a peak score in the second week of August.

Beach/Pool Score in Osaka

Beach/Pool Score in Osakabest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810106.66.60.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Osaka typically lasts for 9.5 months (289 days), from around March 5 to around December 19, rarely starting before February 12 or after March 23, and rarely ending before December 1 or after January 6.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Osaka

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Osakagrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%50%Mar 550%Mar 550%Dec 1950%Dec 1990%Mar 2390%Mar 2390%Dec 190%Dec 110%Feb 1210%Feb 1210%Jan 610%Jan 6Jul 28100%Jul 28100%NowNowvery coldcoldcoolwarmhotcomfortable
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Osaka should appear around March 26, only rarely appearing before March 14 or after April 5.

Growing Degree Days in Osaka

Growing Degree Days in OsakaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F1,000°F1,000°F2,000°F2,000°F3,000°F3,000°F4,000°F4,000°F5,000°F5,000°FMar 2677°FMar 2677°FJun 1900°FJun 1900°FJul 71,800°FJul 71,800°FDec 314,986°FDec 314,986°FNowNow
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 4.6 months, from April 12 to August 31, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 5.4 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Osaka is May, with an average of 6.0 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.0 months, from November 11 to February 10, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 3.2 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Osaka is December, with an average of 2.5 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Osaka

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in OsakabrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhMay 226.1 kWhMay 226.1 kWhDec 312.4 kWhDec 312.4 kWhApr 125.4 kWhApr 125.4 kWhAug 315.4 kWhAug 315.4 kWhFeb 103.2 kWhFeb 103.2 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 2.63.34.45.56.05.85.95.84.83.93.02.5

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Osaka are 34.694 deg latitude, 135.502 deg longitude, and 79 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Osaka contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 292 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 34 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (2,103 feet). Within 50 miles contains large variations in elevation (6,325 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Osaka is covered by grassland (81%), within 10 miles by grassland (39%) and water (22%), and within 50 miles by trees (56%) and water (22%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Osaka, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 3 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Osaka.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Osaka according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Osaka is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Osaka and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Osaka and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.