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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Batagay Russia

In Batagay, the summers are cool; the winters are long, frigid, and dry; and it is mostly cloudy year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from -43°F to 69°F and is rarely below -57°F or above 81°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Batagay for warm-weather activities is from late June to late July.

Climate in Batagay

frigidcoolcomfortablecoolfrigidJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow50%50%19%19%overcastclearprecipitation: 2.0 inprecipitation: 2.0 in0.0 in0.0 inmuggy: 2%muggy: 2%0%0%drydrytourism score: 4.1tourism score: 4.10.00.0
Batagay weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The warm season lasts for 3.6 months, from May 21 to September 9, with an average daily high temperature above 48°F. The hottest month of the year in Batagay is July, with an average high of 68°F and low of 51°F.

The cold season lasts for 3.9 months, from November 10 to March 6, with an average daily high temperature below -13°F. The coldest month of the year in Batagay is January, with an average low of -43°F and high of -33°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Batagay

Average High and Low Temperature in BatagaywarmcoldcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec-60°F-60°F-40°F-40°F-20°F-20°F0°F0°F20°F20°F40°F40°F60°F60°F80°F80°F100°F100°FJan 20-33°FJan 20-33°FJul 1269°FJul 1269°F-43°F-43°F52°F52°FMay 2148°FMay 2148°FSep 948°FSep 948°FNov 10-13°FNov 10-13°FMar 6-13°FMar 6-13°F32°F32°F34°F34°F-22°F-22°F-28°F-28°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High -33°F-27°F-4°F21°F44°F62°F68°F61°F43°F15°F-16°F-30°F
Temp. -38°F-33°F-13°F12°F36°F54°F61°F54°F37°F10°F-21°F-35°F
Low -43°F-38°F-20°F3°F28°F45°F51°F44°F30°F4°F-26°F-40°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Batagay

Average Hourly Temperature in BatagayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowfrigidfrigidcoldcoolcoolcomfortablefreezingvery coldfreezingvery cold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Rankin Inlet, Canada (3,132 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Batagay (view comparison).

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In Batagay, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Batagay begins around May 5 and lasts for 4.2 months, ending around September 12.

The clearest month of the year in Batagay is July, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 49% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around September 12 and lasts for 7.8 months, ending around May 5.

The cloudiest month of the year in Batagay is November, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 78% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Batagay

Cloud Cover Categories in BatagayclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jul 750%Jul 750%Nov 319%Nov 319%May 534%May 534%Sep 1235%Sep 1235%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 66%64%71%69%61%54%51%56%67%77%78%70%
Clearer 34%36%29%31%39%46%49%44%33%23%22%30%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Batagay varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 4.2 months, from May 11 to September 19, with a greater than 14% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Batagay is June, with an average of 8.1 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 7.8 months, from September 19 to May 11. The month with the fewest wet days in Batagay is January, with an average of 0.1 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation in Batagay changes throughout the year.

Snow alone is the most common for 7.0 months, from September 30 to April 30. The month with the most days of snow alone in Batagay is October, with an average of 1.1 days.

Rain alone is the most common for 5.0 months, from April 30 to September 30. The month with the most days of rain alone in Batagay is July, with an average of 8.1 days.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Batagay

Daily Chance of Precipitation in BatagaysnowrainsnowJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Jul 328%Jul 328%Mar 30%Mar 30%Apr 307%Apr 307%Sep 308%Sep 308%NowNowrainsnowmixed
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.3d4.0d7.9d8.1d7.2d3.8d0.2d0.0d0.0d
Mixed 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.2d0.6d0.1d0.0d0.1d0.4d0.1d0.0d0.0d
Snow 0.1d0.1d0.2d0.8d0.6d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.5d1.1d0.4d0.2d
Any 0.1d0.1d0.2d1.2d5.2d8.1d8.1d7.3d4.7d1.5d0.4d0.2d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Batagay experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 4.4 months, from May 8 to September 21, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The month with the most rain in Batagay is July, with an average rainfall of 2.0 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 7.6 months, from September 21 to May 8. The month with the least rain in Batagay is November, with an average rainfall of -0.0 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Batagay

The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 0.0″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.8″1.9″2.0″1.7″0.7″0.0″0.0″0.0″

Snowfall

As with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Batagay experiences some seasonal variation in monthly snowfall.

The snowy period of the year lasts for 8.1 months, from September 20 to May 25, with a sliding 31-day snowfall of at least 1.0 inches. The month with the most snow in Batagay is October, with an average snowfall of 1.5 inches.

The snowless period of the year lasts for 3.9 months, from May 25 to September 20. The least snow falls around July 18, with an average total accumulation of 0.0 inches.

Average Monthly Snowfall in Batagay

Average Monthly Snowfall in BatagaysnowsnowJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in1 in1 in2 in2 in3 in3 in4 in4 inOct 91.6 inOct 91.6 inJul 180.0 inJul 180.0 inMay 51.5 inMay 51.5 inFeb 60.2 inFeb 60.2 inNowNow
The average snowfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average rainfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Snowfall 0.1″0.2″0.3″1.1″1.3″0.2″0.0″0.0″0.8″1.5″0.6″0.2″

Due to its extreme latitude, Batagay experiences polar day (also known as the midnight Sun) during the summer and polar night during the winter. These are periods of time in which the sun is continuously above or below the horizon for more than one day. The precise start and end dates of polar day and night vary from year to year and depend on the precise location and elevation of the observer, and the local topography.

In the summer in Batagay during 2024, the Sun is continuously above the horizon for 1.6 months, rising at 1:13 AM on May 28, and not setting again until 12:42 AM on July 16.

In the winter in Batagay during 2024, the Sun is continuously below the horizon for 2.4 weeks, setting at 12:57 PM on December 13, and not rising again until 12:54 PM on December 30.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Batagay

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Batagaypolar dayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 17 minMar 2012 hr, 17 minMar 2024 hr, 0 minJun 2124 hr, 0 minJun 2112 hr, 20 minSep 2212 hr, 20 minSep 220 minDec 210 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 3.5h7.8h11.8h15.8h20.6h24.0h22.5h17.2h13.2h9.3h5.1h0.7h

Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Batagay during 2024.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in Batagay

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in BatagayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMMay 281:13 AMMay 281:13 AM12:42 AMJul 1512:42 AMJul 1512:57 PMDec 1312:57 PMDec 13daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Batagay

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in BatagayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM000010101020202030304000101020203040-146NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Batagay

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The perceived humidity level in Batagay, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year, staying within 1% of 1% throughout.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Batagay

Humidity Comfort Levels in BatagayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Mar 150%Mar 150%Jul 122%Jul 122%drydry
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.2d0.6d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Batagay experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 3.5 months, from March 10 to June 25, with average wind speeds of more than 4.6 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Batagay is May, with an average hourly wind speed of 5.1 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 8.5 months, from June 25 to March 10. The calmest month of the year in Batagay is August, with an average hourly wind speed of 4.1 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Batagay

Average Wind Speed in BatagaywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph1 mph1 mph2 mph2 mph3 mph3 mph4 mph4 mph5 mph5 mph6 mph6 mph7 mph7 mph8 mph8 mphApr 65.2 mphApr 65.2 mphSep 64.1 mphSep 64.1 mphJun 254.6 mphJun 254.6 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 4.64.54.85.15.14.84.34.14.24.54.54.7

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Batagay varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the north for 5.5 months, from April 6 to September 20, with a peak percentage of 45% on July 17. The wind is most often from the south for 6.5 months, from September 20 to April 6, with a peak percentage of 76% on January 1.

Wind Direction in Batagay

Wind Direction in BatagaySNSJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowsouthnorthwesteast
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Batagay throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Batagay for general outdoor tourist activities is from late June to late July, with a peak score in the second week of July.

Tourism Score in Batagay

Tourism Score in BatagayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810104.14.10.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitation
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Batagay for hot-weather activities is for the entire month of July, with a peak score in the second week of July.

Beach/Pool Score in Batagay

Beach/Pool Score in BatagayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810101.11.10.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitation
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Batagay typically lasts for 2.9 months (89 days), from around June 2 to around August 30, rarely starting before May 16 or after June 19, and rarely ending before August 10 or after September 16.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Batagay

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in BatagayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jun 250%Jun 250%Aug 3050%Aug 3050%Jun 1990%Jun 1990%Aug 1090%Aug 1090%May 1610%May 1610%Sep 1610%Sep 1610%0%Nov 140%Nov 14Jul 999%Jul 999%NowNowfrigidcoldcoolvery coldcomfortablefreezing
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Batagay should appear around June 12, only rarely appearing before June 5 or after June 22.

Growing Degree Days in Batagay

Growing Degree Days in BatagayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F100°F100°F200°F200°F300°F300°F400°F400°F500°F500°F600°F600°F700°F700°F800°F800°F900°F900°FJun 1290°FJun 1290°FDec 31797°FDec 31797°FNowNow
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 2.9 months, from May 3 to July 30, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 4.7 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Batagay is June, with an average of 5.8 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 4.9 months, from October 6 to March 1, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 1.2 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Batagay is December, with an average of 0.0 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Batagay

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in BatagaybrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWhJun 195.9 kWhJun 195.9 kWhDec 220.0 kWhDec 220.0 kWhMay 34.7 kWhMay 34.7 kWhJul 304.7 kWhJul 304.7 kWhOct 61.2 kWhOct 61.2 kWhMar 11.2 kWhMar 11.2 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 0.10.62.03.95.15.85.33.82.10.80.10.0

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Batagay are 67.657 deg latitude, 134.640 deg longitude, and 400 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Batagay contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 348 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 524 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (1,565 feet). Within 50 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (5,013 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Batagay is covered by trees (28%), water (20%), grassland (19%), and bare soil (15%), within 10 miles by trees (84%), and within 50 miles by trees (77%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Batagay, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Batagay is further than 200 kilometers from the nearest reliable weather station, so the weather-related data on this page were taken entirely from NASA's MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

The temperature and dew point estimates are corrected for the difference between the reference elevation of the MERRA-2 grid cell and the elevation of Batagay, according to the International Standard Atmosphere .

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.