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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Bugul’ma Russia

In Bugul’ma, the summers are comfortable and partly cloudy and the winters are long, frigid, snowy, windy, and overcast. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 3°F to 76°F and is rarely below -15°F or above 88°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Bugul’ma for warm-weather activities is from late June to mid August.

Climate in Bugul’ma

freezingcoolcomfortablewarmcoolcoldfreezingJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow64%64%18%18%overcastclearprecipitation: 1.9 inprecipitation: 1.9 in0.5 in0.5 inmuggy: 2%muggy: 2%0%0%drydrytourism score: 6.9tourism score: 6.90.00.0
Bugul’ma weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The warm season lasts for 3.7 months, from May 16 to September 6, with an average daily high temperature above 64°F. The hottest month of the year in Bugul’ma is July, with an average high of 76°F and low of 56°F.

The cold season lasts for 3.9 months, from November 16 to March 13, with an average daily high temperature below 28°F. The coldest month of the year in Bugul’ma is January, with an average low of 4°F and high of 16°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Bugul’ma

Average High and Low Temperature in Bugul’mawarmcoldcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec-20°F-20°F-10°F-10°F0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FFeb 516°FFeb 516°FJul 1976°FJul 1976°F3°F3°F56°F56°FMay 1664°FMay 1664°FSep 664°FSep 664°FNov 1628°FNov 1628°FMar 1328°FMar 1328°F44°F44°F47°F47°F19°F19°F13°F13°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 16°F18°F29°F48°F63°F72°F76°F72°F59°F44°F28°F19°F
Temp. 10°F11°F22°F40°F55°F63°F67°F63°F52°F38°F24°F14°F
Low 4°F5°F15°F32°F44°F53°F56°F53°F43°F32°F19°F8°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Bugul’ma

Average Hourly Temperature in Bugul’maJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowfrigidfrigidfreezingfreezingvery coldcoldcoldcoolcomfortablevery cold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Bonnyville, Canada (4,866 miles away); Wynyard, Canada (4,979 miles); and Warroad, United States (5,059 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Bugul’ma (view comparison).

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In Bugul’ma, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Bugul’ma begins around April 13 and lasts for 5.3 months, ending around September 22.

The clearest month of the year in Bugul’ma is July, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 63% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around September 22 and lasts for 6.7 months, ending around April 13.

The cloudiest month of the year in Bugul’ma is January, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 81% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Bugul’ma

Cloud Cover Categories in Bugul’maclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jul 2564%Jul 2564%Jan 1418%Jan 1418%Apr 1340%Apr 1340%Sep 2241%Sep 2241%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 81%80%71%58%48%43%37%44%57%68%76%81%
Clearer 19%20%29%42%52%57%63%56%43%32%24%19%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Bugul’ma varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 7.0 months, from April 18 to November 19, with a greater than 19% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Bugul’ma is June, with an average of 7.8 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 5.0 months, from November 19 to April 18. The month with the fewest wet days in Bugul’ma is February, with an average of 3.3 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation in Bugul’ma changes throughout the year.

Rain alone is the most common for 7.5 months, from March 25 to November 9. The month with the most days of rain alone in Bugul’ma is June, with an average of 7.8 days.

Snow alone is the most common for 4.5 months, from November 9 to March 25. The month with the most days of snow alone in Bugul’ma is December, with an average of 4.4 days.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Bugul’ma

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Bugul’masnowrainsnowJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Jun 1828%Jun 1828%Mar 210%Mar 210%Nov 921%Nov 921%Apr 1819%Apr 1819%NowNowsnowrainmixed
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 0.0d0.1d0.9d4.1d6.6d7.8d6.9d7.2d7.2d5.7d1.9d0.2d
Mixed 0.2d0.2d0.6d0.8d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d0.9d1.1d0.5d
Snow 3.9d3.0d2.1d0.4d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.7d2.9d4.4d
Any 4.1d3.3d3.6d5.3d6.7d7.8d6.9d7.2d7.3d7.3d5.9d5.1d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Bugul’ma experiences some seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 7.4 months, from April 1 to November 14, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The month with the most rain in Bugul’ma is June, with an average rainfall of 1.8 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 4.6 months, from November 14 to April 1. The month with the least rain in Bugul’ma is January, with an average rainfall of 0.0 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Bugul’ma

The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 0.0″0.0″0.2″0.9″1.4″1.8″1.5″1.4″1.6″1.2″0.5″0.1″

Snowfall

As with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Bugul’ma experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly snowfall.

The snowy period of the year lasts for 6.5 months, from October 5 to April 21, with a sliding 31-day snowfall of at least 1.0 inches. The month with the most snow in Bugul’ma is December, with an average snowfall of 6.4 inches.

The snowless period of the year lasts for 5.5 months, from April 21 to October 5. The least snow falls around July 19, with an average total accumulation of 0.0 inches.

Average Monthly Snowfall in Bugul’ma

Average Monthly Snowfall in Bugul’masnowsnowJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in2 in2 in4 in4 in6 in6 in8 in8 in10 in10 in12 in12 inDec 206.5 inDec 206.5 inJul 190.0 inJul 190.0 inOct 51.0 inOct 51.0 inApr 211.0 inApr 211.0 in
The average snowfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average rainfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Snowfall 5.2″4.3″3.5″1.4″0.1″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.2″1.9″5.0″6.4″

The length of the day in Bugul’ma varies extremely over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 7 hours, 16 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 17 hours, 16 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Bugul’ma

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Bugul’maJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 8 minMar 2012 hr, 8 minMar 2017 hr, 16 minJun 2017 hr, 16 minJun 2012 hr, 12 minSep 2212 hr, 12 minSep 227 hr, 16 minDec 217 hr, 16 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 7.9h9.7h11.9h14.1h16.1h17.2h16.6h14.8h12.7h10.5h8.5h7.4h

The earliest sunrise is at 2:52 AM on June 17, and the latest sunrise is 4 hours, 59 minutes later at 7:51 AM on December 29. The earliest sunset is at 3:02 PM on December 14, and the latest sunset is 5 hours, 6 minutes later at 8:08 PM on June 24.

Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Bugul’ma during 2024.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in Bugul’ma

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in Bugul’maJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PMJun 172:52 AMJun 172:52 AM8:08 PMJun 248:08 PMJun 24Dec 143:02 PMDec 143:02 PM7:51 AMDec 297:51 AMDec 29daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Bugul’ma

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Bugul’maJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM00001010101020202030304040500000101010102020203030304040501259NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Bugul’ma

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The perceived humidity level in Bugul’ma, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year, staying within 1% of 1% throughout.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Bugul’ma

Humidity Comfort Levels in Bugul’maJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Mar 20%Mar 20%Jul 142%Jul 142%NowNowcomfortablecomfortabledrydry
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.3d0.5d0.2d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Bugul’ma experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 6.7 months, from October 3 to April 26, with average wind speeds of more than 10.5 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Bugul’ma is February, with an average hourly wind speed of 12.6 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 5.3 months, from April 26 to October 3. The calmest month of the year in Bugul’ma is July, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.4 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Bugul’ma

Average Wind Speed in Bugul’mawindywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mph14 mph14 mph16 mph16 mph18 mph18 mph20 mph20 mphFeb 1112.8 mphFeb 1112.8 mphJul 308.3 mphJul 308.3 mphOct 310.5 mphOct 310.5 mphApr 2610.5 mphApr 2610.5 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 12.512.611.810.99.98.88.48.99.911.011.411.8

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Bugul’ma varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the west for 1.8 months, from May 1 to June 24 and for 2.4 months, from August 19 to November 2, with a peak percentage of 39% on October 28. The wind is most often from the north for 1.8 months, from June 24 to August 19, with a peak percentage of 42% on July 24. The wind is most often from the south for 6.0 months, from November 2 to May 1, with a peak percentage of 50% on January 1.

Wind Direction in Bugul’ma

Wind Direction in Bugul’maSWNWSJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwestsouthnortheast
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Bugul’ma throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Bugul’ma for general outdoor tourist activities is from late June to mid August, with a peak score in the third week of July.

Tourism Score in Bugul’ma

Tourism Score in Bugul’mabest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810106.96.90.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Bugul’ma for hot-weather activities is from early July to early August, with a peak score in the third week of July.

Beach/Pool Score in Bugul’ma

Beach/Pool Score in Bugul’maJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810104.14.10.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Bugul’ma typically lasts for 4.7 months (143 days), from around May 7 to around September 27, rarely starting before April 16 or after May 27, and rarely ending before September 11 or after October 14.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Bugul’ma

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Bugul’magrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%May 750%May 750%Sep 2750%Sep 2750%May 2790%May 2790%Sep 1190%Sep 1190%Apr 1610%Apr 1610%Oct 1410%Oct 1410%0%Feb 110%Feb 11Jul 20100%Jul 20100%NowNowfrigidfreezingcoolcomfortablecoldwarmvery coldhot
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Bugul’ma should appear around May 8, only rarely appearing before April 29 or after May 19.

Growing Degree Days in Bugul’ma

Growing Degree Days in Bugul’maJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F500°F500°F1,000°F1,000°F1,500°F1,500°F2,000°F2,000°FMay 890°FMay 890°FJul 14900°FJul 14900°FDec 311,767°FDec 311,767°F
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.2 months, from May 4 to August 11, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 5.3 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Bugul’ma is June, with an average of 6.4 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 4.0 months, from October 17 to February 18, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 1.7 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Bugul’ma is December, with an average of 0.5 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Bugul’ma

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Bugul’mabrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhJun 236.5 kWhJun 236.5 kWhDec 210.5 kWhDec 210.5 kWhMay 45.3 kWhMay 45.3 kWhAug 115.3 kWhAug 115.3 kWhOct 171.7 kWhOct 171.7 kWhFeb 181.7 kWhFeb 181.7 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 0.71.63.04.55.86.46.25.03.31.80.80.5

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Bugul’ma are 54.538 deg latitude, 52.799 deg longitude, and 961 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Bugul’ma contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 305 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 1,019 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (764 feet). Within 50 miles contains significant variations in elevation (1,050 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Bugul’ma is covered by cropland (33%), trees (27%), and water (19%), within 10 miles by cropland (54%) and trees (25%), and within 50 miles by cropland (56%) and trees (24%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Bugul’ma, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 2 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Bugul’ma.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Bugul’ma according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Bugul’ma is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Bugul’ma and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Bugul’ma and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.