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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Arpaçay Turkey

In Arpaçay, the summers are comfortable, dry, and clear and the winters are freezing, snowy, and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 5°F to 79°F and is rarely below -7°F or above 87°F.

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Arpaçay for warm-weather activities is from early July to early September.

Climate in Arpaçay

freezingcoldcoolwarmcoolcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow95%95%46%46%clearovercastprecipitation: 1.7 inprecipitation: 1.7 in0.6 in0.6 inmuggy: 0%muggy: 0%0%0%drydrytourism score: 8.0tourism score: 8.00.00.0
Arpaçay weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The warm season lasts for 3.4 months, from June 9 to September 21, with an average daily high temperature above 68°F. The hottest month of the year in Arpaçay is August, with an average high of 78°F and low of 51°F.

The cold season lasts for 3.1 months, from December 4 to March 6, with an average daily high temperature below 35°F. The coldest month of the year in Arpaçay is January, with an average low of 7°F and high of 24°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Arpaçay

Average High and Low Temperature in ArpaçaywarmcoldcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec-10°F-10°F0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FJan 2424°FJan 2424°FJul 3079°FJul 3079°F5°F5°F53°F53°FJun 968°FJun 968°FSep 2168°FSep 2168°FDec 435°FDec 435°FMar 635°FMar 635°F44°F44°F41°F41°F16°F16°F15°F15°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 24°F28°F40°F53°F61°F69°F77°F78°F70°F58°F43°F30°F
Temp. 15°F18°F29°F43°F50°F57°F64°F64°F56°F46°F33°F20°F
Low 7°F9°F20°F32°F40°F46°F52°F51°F43°F34°F23°F12°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Arpaçay

Average Hourly Temperature in ArpaçayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowfrigidfrigidfreezingfreezingvery coldvery coldcoldcoolcoolcomfortablewarmfrigid
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Gorham, New Hampshire, United States (5,292 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Arpaçay (view comparison).

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In Arpaçay, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Arpaçay begins around June 6 and lasts for 3.9 months, ending around October 1.

The clearest month of the year in Arpaçay is August, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 94% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around October 1 and lasts for 8.1 months, ending around June 6.

The cloudiest month of the year in Arpaçay is April, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 53% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Arpaçay

Cloud Cover Categories in ArpaçayclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Aug 1595%Aug 1595%Apr 1046%Apr 1046%Jun 670%Jun 670%Oct 171%Oct 171%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 49%50%51%53%44%22%8%6%17%38%46%47%
Clearer 51%50%49%47%56%78%92%94%83%62%54%53%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Arpaçay varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 3.0 months, from April 12 to July 11, with a greater than 22% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Arpaçay is May, with an average of 9.3 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 9.0 months, from July 11 to April 12. The month with the fewest wet days in Arpaçay is March, with an average of 4.2 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation in Arpaçay changes throughout the year.

Rain alone is the most common for 8.2 months, from March 17 to November 22. The month with the most days of rain alone in Arpaçay is May, with an average of 9.1 days.

Snow alone is the most common for 3.7 months, from November 22 to March 15. The month with the most days of snow alone in Arpaçay is January, with an average of 3.9 days.

Mixed snow and rain is the most common for 2.0 days, from March 15 to March 17. The month with the most days of mixed snow and rain in Arpaçay is November, with an average of 1.3 days.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Arpaçay

Daily Chance of Precipitation in ArpaçaysnowrainsnowJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%May 1831%May 1831%Mar 1112%Mar 1112%Nov 2217%Nov 2217%Apr 1222%Apr 1222%Jul 1122%Jul 1122%NowNowsnowrainmixed
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 0.2d0.2d1.5d6.1d9.1d7.8d6.2d4.9d4.8d5.5d2.7d0.5d
Mixed 0.3d0.5d1.2d0.8d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.5d1.3d1.0d
Snow 3.9d3.6d1.5d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d1.3d3.2d
Any 4.5d4.3d4.2d7.0d9.3d7.8d6.2d4.9d4.9d6.1d5.3d4.7d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Arpaçay experiences some seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 8.0 months, from March 22 to November 22, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The month with the most rain in Arpaçay is May, with an average rainfall of 1.7 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 4.0 months, from November 22 to March 22. The month with the least rain in Arpaçay is January, with an average rainfall of 0.1 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Arpaçay

The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 0.1″0.1″0.4″1.1″1.7″1.5″1.2″0.9″1.0″1.2″0.7″0.1″

Snowfall

As with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Arpaçay experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly snowfall.

The snowy period of the year lasts for 5.6 months, from October 24 to April 11, with a sliding 31-day snowfall of at least 1.0 inches. The month with the most snow in Arpaçay is December, with an average snowfall of 6.2 inches.

The snowless period of the year lasts for 6.4 months, from April 11 to October 24. The least snow falls around July 21, with an average total accumulation of 0.0 inches.

Average Monthly Snowfall in Arpaçay

Average Monthly Snowfall in ArpaçaysnowsnowJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in2 in2 in4 in4 in6 in6 in8 in8 in10 in10 in12 in12 in14 in14 inJan 306.4 inJan 306.4 inJul 210.0 inJul 210.0 inDec 236.3 inDec 236.3 inOct 241.0 inOct 241.0 inApr 111.0 inApr 111.0 in
The average snowfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average rainfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Snowfall 6.1″5.8″3.3″0.8″0.1″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.5″3.1″6.2″

The length of the day in Arpaçay varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 14 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 15 hours, 7 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Arpaçay

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in ArpaçayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 7 minMar 2012 hr, 7 minMar 2015 hr, 7 minJun 2015 hr, 7 minJun 2012 hr, 9 minSep 2212 hr, 9 minSep 229 hr, 14 minDec 219 hr, 14 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 9.6h10.7h12.0h13.3h14.5h15.1h14.8h13.7h12.4h11.1h9.9h9.3h

The earliest sunrise is at 4:34 AM on June 14, and the latest sunrise is 2 hours, 57 minutes later at 7:31 AM on January 4. The earliest sunset is at 4:38 PM on December 7, and the latest sunset is 3 hours, 4 minutes later at 7:42 PM on June 27.

Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Arpaçay during 2024.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in Arpaçay

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in ArpaçayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJun 144:34 AMJun 144:34 AM7:42 PMJun 277:42 PMJun 27Dec 74:38 PMDec 74:38 PM7:31 AMJan 47:31 AMJan 4daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Arpaçay

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in ArpaçayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM000010101010202020203030303040404050506060700000101010102020202030303040405050602673NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Arpaçay

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The perceived humidity level in Arpaçay, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year, remaining a virtually constant 0% throughout.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Arpaçay

Humidity Comfort Levels in ArpaçayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Jan 40%Jan 40%Jul 180%Jul 180%NowNowdrydry
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Arpaçay experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 4.2 months, from December 23 to April 29, with average wind speeds of more than 7.6 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Arpaçay is March, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.5 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 7.8 months, from April 29 to December 23. The calmest month of the year in Arpaçay is October, with an average hourly wind speed of 6.7 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Arpaçay

Average Wind Speed in ArpaçaywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mph14 mph14 mphMar 38.6 mphMar 38.6 mphSep 286.6 mphSep 286.6 mphDec 237.6 mphDec 237.6 mphApr 297.6 mphApr 297.6 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 8.08.48.58.07.06.97.37.16.86.77.27.5

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Arpaçay varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the east for 3.0 days, from May 30 to June 2 and for 2.5 months, from June 18 to September 3, with a peak percentage of 54% on July 26. The wind is most often from the north for 2.3 weeks, from June 2 to June 18 and for 3.1 weeks, from September 3 to September 25, with a peak percentage of 36% on June 17. The wind is most often from the west for 8.2 months, from September 25 to May 30, with a peak percentage of 53% on January 1.

Wind Direction in Arpaçay

Wind Direction in ArpaçayWNENWJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwesteastnorthsouth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Arpaçay throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Arpaçay for general outdoor tourist activities is from early July to early September, with a peak score in the last week of July.

Tourism Score in Arpaçay

Tourism Score in Arpaçaybest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810108.08.00.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Arpaçay for hot-weather activities is from mid July to mid August, with a peak score in the last week of July.

Beach/Pool Score in Arpaçay

Beach/Pool Score in ArpaçayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810104.74.70.00.0NowNowtemperaturetemperature cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Arpaçay typically lasts for 4.9 months (150 days), from around May 5 to around October 2, rarely starting before April 16 or after May 28, and rarely ending before September 13 or after October 23.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Arpaçay

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Arpaçaygrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%May 550%May 550%Oct 250%Oct 250%May 2890%May 2890%Sep 1390%Sep 1390%Apr 1610%Apr 1610%Oct 2310%Oct 2310%0%Dec 110%Dec 11Jul 22100%Jul 22100%NowNowfrigidfreezingvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarm
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Arpaçay should appear around May 16, only rarely appearing before May 2 or after May 30.

Growing Degree Days in Arpaçay

Growing Degree Days in ArpaçayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F200°F200°F400°F400°F600°F600°F800°F800°F1,000°F1,000°F1,200°F1,200°F1,400°F1,400°F1,600°F1,600°F1,800°F1,800°FMay 1690°FMay 1690°FAug 3900°FAug 3900°FDec 311,617°FDec 311,617°F
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.2 months, from May 20 to August 26, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 6.6 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Arpaçay is July, with an average of 7.5 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.4 months, from October 29 to February 9, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 3.3 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Arpaçay is December, with an average of 2.2 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Arpaçay

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in ArpaçaybrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWh10 kWh10 kWhJul 47.7 kWhJul 47.7 kWhDec 212.2 kWhDec 212.2 kWhMay 206.6 kWhMay 206.6 kWhAug 266.6 kWhAug 266.6 kWhOct 293.3 kWhOct 293.3 kWhFeb 93.3 kWhFeb 93.3 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 2.63.54.65.56.47.47.56.95.74.02.72.2

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Arpaçay are 40.845 deg latitude, 43.327 deg longitude, and 5,551 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Arpaçay contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 456 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 5,609 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (3,251 feet). Within 50 miles contains large variations in elevation (9,209 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Arpaçay is covered by cropland (69%) and grassland (25%), within 10 miles by cropland (57%) and grassland (28%), and within 50 miles by cropland (36%) and grassland (34%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Arpaçay, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 2 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Arpaçay.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Arpaçay according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Arpaçay is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Arpaçay and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

  • Kars Airport (LTCF, 59%, 23 mi, southwest, 338 ft elevation change)
  • Shirak Airport (UDSG, 41%, 28 mi, east, -551 ft elevation change)

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Arpaçay and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.