Fall Weather in Bologna Italy

Daily high temperatures decrease by 34°F, from 82°F to 48°F, rarely falling below 40°F or exceeding 90°F.

Daily low temperatures decrease by 26°F, from 63°F to 37°F, rarely falling below 29°F or exceeding 69°F.

For reference, on August 2, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Bologna typically range from 68°F to 88°F, while on January 12, the coldest day of the year, they range from 32°F to 43°F.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average fall temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Stanton, Kentucky, United States (4,685 miles away) and Waldorf, Maryland, United States (4,357 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Bologna (view comparison).

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The fall in Bologna experiences very rapidly increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 31% to 53%. The highest chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 54% on November 24.

The clearest day of the fall is September 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 69% of the time.

For reference, on November 24, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 54%, while on July 21, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 79%.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Bologna, the chance of a wet day over the course of the fall is essentially constant, remaining around 25% throughout.

For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 29% on November 2, and its lowest chance is 17% on August 3.

Rainfall

To show variation within the season and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.

The average sliding 31-day rainfall during the fall in Bologna is essentially constant, remaining about 2.4 inches throughout, and rarely exceeding 5.1 inches or falling below 0.5 inches.

The highest average 31-day accumulation is 2.9 inches on October 21.

Over the course of the fall in Bologna, the length of the day is very rapidly decreasing. From the start to the end of the season, the length of the day decreases by 4 hours, 7 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 2 minutes, 44 seconds, and weekly decrease of 19 minutes, 11 seconds.

The shortest day of the fall is November 30, with 9 hours, 6 minutes of daylight and the longest day is September 1, with 13 hours, 13 minutes of daylight.

The earliest sunrise of the fall in Bologna is 6:37 AM on September 1 and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 7 minutes later at 7:44 AM on October 26.

The latest sunset is 7:50 PM on September 1 and the earliest sunset is 3 hours, 14 minutes earlier at 4:36 PM on November 30.

Daylight saving time (DST) starts at 2:00 AM on October 27, 2024, shifting sunrise and sunset to be an hour later.

For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:29 AM and sets 15 hours, 33 minutes later, at 9:02 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 7:48 AM and sets 8 hours, 50 minutes later, at 4:37 PM.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for the fall of 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The chance that a given day will be muggy in Bologna is rapidly decreasing during the fall, falling from 18% to 0% over the course of the season.

For reference, on August 6, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 35% of the time, while on November 9, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Bologna is essentially constant during the fall, remaining within 0.2 miles per hour of 6.6 miles per hour throughout.

For reference, on March 31, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 7.7 miles per hour, while on August 9, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 6.2 miles per hour.

The wind direction in Bologna during the fall is predominantly out of the east from September 1 to November 5 and the west from November 5 to November 30.

Bologna is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average surface water temperature in Bologna is very rapidly decreasing during the fall, falling by 19°F, from 76°F to 57°F, over the course of the season.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Bologna typically lasts for 8.7 months (267 days), from around March 6 to around November 28, rarely starting before February 8 or after April 3, and rarely ending before November 8 or after December 20.

During the fall in Bologna, the chance that a given day is within the growing season is very rapidly decreasing falling from 100% to 44% over the course of the season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

The average accumulated growing degree days in Bologna are rapidly increasing during the fall, increasing by 862°F, from 3,037°F to 3,899°F, over the course of the season.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Bologna is very rapidly decreasing during the fall, falling by 3.8 kWh, from 5.4 kWh to 1.6 kWh, over the course of the season.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Bologna are 44.494 deg latitude, 11.339 deg longitude, and 233 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Bologna contains very significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 827 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 269 feet. Within 10 miles also contains very significant variations in elevation (1,749 feet). Within 50 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (7,110 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Bologna is covered by artificial surfaces (77%) and cropland (13%), within 10 miles by cropland (66%) and trees (16%), and within 50 miles by cropland (64%) and trees (26%).