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Summer Weather in Leopoldina Brazil

Daily high temperatures are around 88°F, rarely falling below 80°F or exceeding 94°F. The highest daily average high temperature is 89°F on February 14.

Daily low temperatures are around 70°F, rarely falling below 64°F or exceeding 74°F. The highest daily average low temperature is 71°F on January 27.

For reference, on February 14, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Leopoldina typically range from 71°F to 89°F, while on July 20, the coldest day of the year, they range from 58°F to 83°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in the Summer in Leopoldina

Average High and Low Temperature in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb60°F60°F65°F65°F70°F70°F75°F75°F80°F80°F85°F85°F90°F90°F95°F95°F100°F100°FSpringFallFeb 1489°FFeb 1489°F71°F71°FDec 187°FDec 187°F69°F69°FFeb 2889°FFeb 2889°F70°F70°FJan 188°FJan 188°F71°F71°FFeb 189°FFeb 189°F71°F71°F
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average summer temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in the Summer in Leopoldina

Average Hourly Temperature in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFallcomfortablecomfortablewarmwarmhot
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Lacapan Camallagne, Mexico (4,704 miles away); Maneromango, Tanzania (5,494 miles); and Antanimena, Madagascar (5,447 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Leopoldina (view comparison).

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The summer in Leopoldina experiences gradually decreasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy decreasing from 71% to 64%. The highest chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 76% on December 21.

The clearest day of the summer is February 28, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 36% of the time.

For reference, on December 20, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 76%, while on August 27, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 76%.

Cloud Cover Categories in the Summer in Leopoldina

Cloud Cover Categories in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%SpringFallAug 2776%Aug 2776%Dec 129%Dec 129%Feb 2836%Feb 2836%Jan 126%Jan 126%Feb 130%Feb 130%clearmostly clearpartly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Leopoldina, the chance of a wet day over the course of the summer is very rapidly decreasing, starting the season at 62% and ending it at 46%.

For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 69% on December 19, and its lowest chance is 6% on July 13.

Probability of Precipitation in the Summer in Leopoldina

Probability of Precipitation in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%SpringFallDec 1969%Dec 1969%Dec 162%Dec 162%Feb 2846%Feb 2846%Jan 164%Jan 164%Feb 152%Feb 152%rain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).

Rainfall

To show variation within the season and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.

The average sliding 31-day rainfall during the summer in Leopoldina is very rapidly decreasing, starting the season at 8.9 inches, when it rarely exceeds 12.1 inches or falls below 4.8 inches, and ending the season at 5.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 9.1 inches or falls below 2.0 inches.

The highest average 31-day accumulation is 10.1 inches on December 22.

Average Monthly Rainfall in the Summer in Leopoldina

Average Monthly Rainfall in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb0 in0 in2 in2 in4 in4 in6 in6 in8 in8 in10 in10 in12 in12 in14 in14 in16 in16 inSpringFallDec 2110.1 inDec 2110.1 inDec 18.9 inDec 18.9 inFeb 285.2 inFeb 285.2 inFeb 16.1 inFeb 16.1 in
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.

Over the course of the summer in Leopoldina, the length of the day is decreasing. From the start to the end of the season, the length of the day decreases by 50 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 33 seconds, and weekly decrease of 3 minutes, 54 seconds.

The shortest day of the summer is February 28, with 12 hours, 32 minutes of daylight and the longest day is December 21, with 13 hours, 27 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Summer in Leopoldina

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hrSpringFallDec 2113 hr, 27 minDec 2113 hr, 27 mindaydaydaydaynightFeb 2812 hr, 32 minFeb 2812 hr, 32 minFeb 113 hr, 3 minFeb 113 hr, 3 min
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.

The earliest sunrise of the summer in Leopoldina is 4:59 AM on December 1 and the latest sunrise is 48 minutes later at 5:47 AM on February 28.

The latest sunset is 6:38 PM on January 14 and the earliest sunset is 20 minutes earlier at 6:18 PM on February 28.

Daylight saving time is not observed in Leopoldina during 2024.

For reference, on December 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:05 AM and sets 13 hours, 27 minutes later, at 6:32 PM, while on June 20, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 6:27 AM and sets 10 hours, 49 minutes later, at 5:16 PM.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in the Summer in Leopoldina

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb12 AM2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMSpringFall4:59 AM4:59 AMDec 16:20 PMDec 16:20 PM5:20 AM5:20 AMJan 146:38 PMJan 146:38 PM5:47 AM5:47 AMFeb 286:18 PMFeb 286:18 PM5:32 AM5:32 AMFeb 16:35 PMFeb 16:35 PMSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunset
The solar day in the summer. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Summer in Leopoldina

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall001020203030405050606070800010102030304040506060707080
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth in the the summer of 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for the summer of 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Summer in Leopoldina

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb12 AM12 AM4 AM4 AM8 AM8 AM12 PM12 PM4 PM4 PM8 PM8 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFallNov 19:48 AMNov 19:48 AMNov 156:29 PMNov 156:29 PMDec 13:22 AMDec 13:22 AMDec 156:02 AMDec 156:02 AMDec 307:28 PMDec 307:28 PMJan 137:28 PMJan 137:28 PMJan 299:37 AMJan 299:37 AMFeb 1210:54 AMFeb 1210:54 AMFeb 279:45 PMFeb 279:45 PMMar 143:55 AMMar 143:55 AMMar 297:58 AMMar 297:58 AM4:55 AM4:55 AM6:07 PM6:07 PM5:16 AM5:16 AM4:54 AM4:54 AM6:02 PM6:02 PM4:53 AM4:53 AM4:31 AM4:31 AM6:41 PM6:41 PM6:45 PM6:45 PM5:44 AM5:44 AM5:21 AM5:21 AM6:09 PM6:09 PM5:30 AM5:30 AM5:08 AM5:08 AM6:14 PM6:14 PM5:52 PM5:52 PM6:00 AM6:00 AM5:55 AM5:55 AM
The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The chance that a given day will be muggy in Leopoldina is rapidly increasing during the summer, rising from 88% to 99% over the course of the season.

The highest chance of a muggy day during the summer is 99% on February 28.

For reference, on February 27, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 99% of the time, while on July 27, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 5% of the time.

Humidity Comfort Levels in the Summer in Leopoldina

Humidity Comfort Levels in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%SpringFallFeb 2899%Feb 2899%Dec 188%Dec 188%Jan 198%Jan 198%Feb 198%Feb 198%miserablemiserableoppressiveoppressivemuggymuggyhumidhumidcomfortablecomfortable
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Leopoldina is decreasing during the summer, decreasing from 6.7 miles per hour to 5.4 miles per hour over the course of the season.

For reference, on September 22, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 7.6 miles per hour, while on March 31, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 5.2 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in the Summer in Leopoldina

Average Wind Speed in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mphSpringFallDec 16.7 mphDec 16.7 mphFeb 285.4 mphFeb 285.4 mphJan 16.2 mphJan 16.2 mphFeb 15.8 mphFeb 15.8 mph
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

The wind direction in Leopoldina during the summer is predominantly out of the east from December 1 to December 13 and from February 6 to February 28 and the north from December 13 to February 6.

Wind Direction in the Summer in Leopoldina

Wind Direction in the Summer in LeopoldinaENEDecJanFeb0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%SpringFalleastnorthsouthwest
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

Temperatures in Leopoldina are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms. We nevertheless include the chart below as an illustration of the distribution of temperatures experienced throughout the year.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in the Summer in Leopoldina

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%SpringFall100%Jan 15100%Jan 15comfortablewarmhotcool
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

The average accumulated growing degree days in Leopoldina are very rapidly increasing during the summer, increasing by 2,484°F, from 3,460°F to 5,944°F, over the course of the season.

Growing Degree Days in the Summer in Leopoldina

Growing Degree Days in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb3,500°F3,500°F4,000°F4,000°F4,500°F4,500°F5,000°F5,000°F5,500°F5,500°F6,000°F6,000°FSpringFallDec 13,460°FDec 13,460°FFeb 285,944°FFeb 285,944°FJan 14,313°FJan 14,313°FFeb 15,188°FFeb 15,188°F
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the summer, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Leopoldina is essentially constant during the summer, remaining within 0.2 kWh of 6.1 kWh throughout.

The highest average daily incident shortwave solar energy during the summer is 6.3 kWh on February 7.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in the Summer in Leopoldina

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in the Summer in LeopoldinaDecJanFeb0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhSpringFallFeb 76.3 kWhFeb 76.3 kWhDec 16.0 kWhDec 16.0 kWhFeb 286.0 kWhFeb 286.0 kWhJan 16.0 kWhJan 16.0 kWh
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Leopoldina are -21.532 deg latitude, -42.643 deg longitude, and 820 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Leopoldina contains very significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 1,444 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 967 feet. Within 10 miles also contains very significant variations in elevation (1,929 feet). Within 50 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (5,440 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Leopoldina is covered by cropland (30%), shrubs (28%), trees (26%), and grassland (16%), within 10 miles by cropland (41%) and trees (37%), and within 50 miles by trees (40%) and cropland (38%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Leopoldina, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 3 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Leopoldina.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Leopoldina according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Leopoldina is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Leopoldina and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Leopoldina and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

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