Spring Weather in Los Santos PanamaDaily high temperatures decrease by 5°F, from 91°F to 86°F, rarely falling below 83°F or exceeding 95°F. The highest daily average high temperature is 91°F on April 4. Daily low temperatures are around 75°F, rarely falling below 71°F or exceeding 78°F. The highest daily average low temperature is 76°F on May 5. For reference, on April 2, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Los Santos typically range from 75°F to 91°F, while on January 26, the coldest day of the year, they range from 73°F to 89°F. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average spring temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. Nedumangād, India (10,519 miles away); Ranong, Thailand (11,211 miles); and Makassar, Indonesia (11,073 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Los Santos (view comparison). CloudsThe spring in Los Santos experiences very rapidly increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 52% to 92%. The clearest day of the spring is March 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 48% of the time. For reference, on August 10, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 94%, while on January 3, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 54%. PrecipitationA wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Los Santos, the chance of a wet day over the course of the spring is very rapidly increasing, starting the season at 4% and ending it at 44%. For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 48% on October 23, and its lowest chance is 3% on February 24. RainfallTo show variation within the season and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day rainfall during the spring in Los Santos is very rapidly increasing, starting the season at 0.3 inches, when it rarely exceeds 1.1 inches or falls below -0.0 inches, and ending the season at 7.4 inches, when it rarely exceeds 12.8 inches or falls below 3.5 inches. SunOver the course of the spring in Los Santos, the length of the day is increasing. From the start to the end of the season, the length of the day increases by 35 minutes, implying an average daily increase of 23 seconds, and weekly increase of 2 minutes, 40 seconds. The shortest day of the spring is March 1, with 11 hours, 59 minutes of daylight and the longest day is May 31, with 12 hours, 33 minutes of daylight. The latest sunrise of the spring in Los Santos is 6:34 AM on March 1 and the earliest sunrise is 32 minutes earlier at 6:02 AM on May 26. The earliest sunset is 6:30 PM on April 21 and the latest sunset is 6 minutes later at 6:36 PM on May 31. Daylight saving time is not observed in Los Santos during 2024. For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 6:05 AM and sets 12 hours, 35 minutes later, at 6:41 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 6:30 AM and sets 11 hours, 40 minutes later, at 6:10 PM. The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation. MoonThe figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for the spring of 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon. HumidityWe base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The chance that a given day will be muggy in Los Santos is gradually increasing during the spring, rising from 97% to 100% over the course of the season. The lowest chance of a muggy day during the spring is 97% on March 2. For reference, on May 21, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 100% of the time, while on February 29, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 97% of the time. WindThis section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed in Los Santos is very rapidly decreasing during the spring, decreasing from 11.7 miles per hour to 6.1 miles per hour over the course of the season. For reference, on February 26, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 11.9 miles per hour, while on June 24, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 5.9 miles per hour. The wind direction in Los Santos during the spring is predominantly out of the north from March 1 to May 24 and the west from May 24 to May 31. Water TemperatureLos Santos is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water. The average surface water temperature in Los Santos is increasing during the spring, rising by 5°F, from 79°F to 83°F, over the course of the season. The lowest average surface water temperature during the spring is 79°F on March 8. Growing SeasonDefinitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). Temperatures in Los Santos are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms. We nevertheless include the chart below as an illustration of the distribution of temperatures experienced throughout the year. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. The average accumulated growing degree days in Los Santos are very rapidly increasing during the spring, increasing by 2,801°F, from 1,775°F to 4,576°F, over the course of the season. Solar EnergyThis section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Los Santos is very rapidly decreasing during the spring, falling by 3.3 kWh, from 6.7 kWh to 3.4 kWh, over the course of the season. The highest average daily incident shortwave solar energy during the spring is 6.8 kWh on March 18. TopographyFor the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Los Santos are 7.933 deg latitude, -80.417 deg longitude, and 56 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Los Santos contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 308 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 87 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (768 feet). Within 50 miles contains significant variations in elevation (5,541 feet). The area within 2 miles of Los Santos is covered by grassland (46%) and cropland (41%), within 10 miles by grassland (41%) and water (26%), and within 50 miles by water (40%) and grassland (24%). Data SourcesThis report illustrates the typical weather in Los Santos, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Temperature and Dew PointThere is only a single weather station, Albrook "Marcos A. Gelabert" International Airport, in our network suitable to be used as a proxy for the historical temperature and dew point records of Los Santos. At a distance of 153 kilometers from Los Santos, further than our threshold of 150 kilometers, this station is deemed insufficiently nearby to be relied upon as our primary source for temperature and dew point records. Consequently, the station records are blended with interpolated values from NASA's MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis , and both are corrected for elevation differences according to the International Standard Atmosphere . The weight assigned to the MERRA-2 value depends on the distance from Los Santos to the nearest station, increasing from 0% at 150 kilometers to 100% at 200 kilometers. In this case, the MERRA-2 weight is 6%, making the weight assigned to the weather station 94%. Other DataAll data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus. All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database . Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com . Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors. DisclaimerThe information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. 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