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Fall Weather at Kirkuk Air Base Iraq

Daily high temperatures decrease by 40°F, from 105°F to 64°F, rarely falling below 56°F or exceeding 110°F.

Daily low temperatures decrease by 32°F, from 80°F to 49°F, rarely falling below 40°F or exceeding 85°F.

For reference, on July 23, the hottest day of the year, temperatures at Kirkuk Air Base typically range from 86°F to 110°F, while on January 23, the coldest day of the year, they range from 42°F to 56°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Average High and Low Temperature in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°F110°F110°F120°F120°FSummerWinterSep 1105°FSep 1105°F80°F80°FNov 3064°FNov 3064°F49°F49°FOct 194°FOct 194°F72°F72°FNov 178°FNov 178°F59°F59°F
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average fall temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Average Hourly Temperature in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSummerWintercoldcoldcoolcomfortablewarmhotswelteringvery cold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Laughlin, Nevada, United States (7,379 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Kirkuk Air Base (view comparison).

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The fall at Kirkuk Air Base experiences very rapidly increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 0% to 40%.

The clearest day of the fall is September 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 100% of the time.

For reference, on December 14, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 42%, while on July 11, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 100%.

Cloud Cover Categories in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Cloud Cover Categories in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%SummerWinterSep 1100%Sep 1100%Nov 3060%Nov 3060%Oct 188%Oct 188%Nov 166%Nov 166%clearpartly cloudyovercastmostly clearmostly cloudy
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. At Kirkuk Air Base, the chance of a wet day over the course of the fall is very rapidly increasing, starting the season at 1% and ending it at 16%.

For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 19% on March 14, and its lowest chance is 0% on September 13.

Probability of Precipitation in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Probability of Precipitation in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov0%0%2%2%4%4%6%6%8%8%10%10%12%12%14%14%16%16%18%18%SummerWinterNov 2116%Nov 2116%Sep 130%Sep 130%Oct 13%Oct 13%Nov 114%Nov 114%rain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).

Rainfall

To show variation within the season and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.

The average sliding 31-day rainfall during the fall at Kirkuk Air Base is increasing, starting the season at 0.0 inches, when it rarely exceeds 0.1 inches or falls below -0.0 inches, and ending the season at 1.0 inches, when it rarely exceeds 2.4 inches or falls below 0.1 inches.

The highest average 31-day accumulation is 1.1 inches on November 16.

Average Monthly Rainfall in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Average Monthly Rainfall in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov0.0 in0.0 in0.5 in0.5 in1.0 in1.0 in1.5 in1.5 in2.0 in2.0 in2.5 in2.5 inSummerWinterNov 161.1 inNov 161.1 inSep 10.0 inSep 10.0 inNov 301.0 inNov 301.0 inOct 10.2 inOct 10.2 inNov 10.9 inNov 10.9 in
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.

Over the course of the fall at Kirkuk Air Base, the length of the day is very rapidly decreasing. From the start to the end of the season, the length of the day decreases by 2 hours, 57 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 1 minute, 58 seconds, and weekly decrease of 13 minutes, 46 seconds.

The shortest day of the fall is November 30, with 9 hours, 57 minutes of daylight and the longest day is September 1, with 12 hours, 54 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hrSummerWinterSep 2212 hr, 8 minSep 2212 hr, 8 minnightnightdaydayNov 309 hr, 57 minNov 309 hr, 57 minNov 110 hr, 43 minNov 110 hr, 43 min
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.

The earliest sunrise of the fall at Kirkuk Air Base is 5:35 AM on September 1 and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 18 minutes later at 6:52 AM on November 30.

The latest sunset is 6:29 PM on September 1 and the earliest sunset is 1 hour, 39 minutes earlier at 4:49 PM on November 30.

Daylight saving time is not observed at Kirkuk Air Base during 2024.

For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 4:47 AM and sets 14 hours, 33 minutes later, at 7:21 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 7:08 AM and sets 9 hours, 46 minutes later, at 4:53 PM.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov12 AM2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMSummerWinter5:35 AM5:35 AMSep 16:29 PMSep 16:29 PM6:52 AM6:52 AMNov 304:49 PMNov 304:49 PM5:57 AM5:57 AMOct 15:46 PMOct 15:46 PM6:24 AM6:24 AMNov 15:07 PMNov 15:07 PMSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunset
The solar day in the fall. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSummerWinter00102020303040506000101020303040
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth in the the fall of 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for the fall of 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov12 AM12 AM4 AM4 AM8 AM8 AM12 PM12 PM4 PM4 PM8 PM8 PM12 AM12 AMSummerWinterAug 42:14 PMAug 42:14 PMAug 199:26 PMAug 199:26 PMSep 34:56 AMSep 34:56 AMSep 185:35 AMSep 185:35 AMOct 29:50 PMOct 29:50 PMOct 172:27 PMOct 172:27 PMNov 13:48 PMNov 13:48 PMNov 1612:29 AMNov 1612:29 AMDec 19:22 AMDec 19:22 AMDec 1512:02 PMDec 1512:02 PMDec 311:28 AMDec 311:28 AM7:24 PM7:24 PM6:52 PM6:52 PM5:49 AM5:49 AM5:39 AM5:39 AM6:45 PM6:45 PM5:51 PM5:51 PM5:51 AM5:51 AM5:26 AM5:26 AM5:35 PM5:35 PM5:17 PM5:17 PM7:07 AM7:07 AM6:11 AM6:11 AM4:21 PM4:21 PM7:12 AM7:12 AM4:38 PM4:38 PM4:37 PM4:37 PM8:17 AM8:17 AM5:18 PM5:18 PM
The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The chance that a given day will be muggy at Kirkuk Air Base is essentially constant during the fall, remaining around 0% throughout.

For reference, on November 19, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time, while on January 1, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.

Humidity Comfort Levels in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Humidity Comfort Levels in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%SummerWinterSep 10%Sep 10%Nov 300%Nov 300%Oct 10%Oct 10%Nov 10%Nov 10%drydry
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed at Kirkuk Air Base is decreasing during the fall, decreasing from 8.2 miles per hour to 7.2 miles per hour over the course of the season.

For reference, on June 26, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 9.1 miles per hour, while on January 12, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 6.9 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Average Wind Speed in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mph14 mph14 mphSummerWinterSep 18.2 mphSep 18.2 mphNov 307.2 mphNov 307.2 mphOct 17.8 mphOct 17.8 mphNov 17.4 mphNov 17.4 mph
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

The wind direction at Kirkuk Air Base during the fall is predominantly out of the west from September 1 to October 8 and the east from October 8 to November 30.

Wind Direction in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Wind Direction in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseWESepOctNov0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%SummerWinterwestsoutheastnorth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

While it does not do so every year, freezing temperatures are seen at Kirkuk Air Base over some winters. The day least likely to be in the growing season is January 13, with a 67% chance.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Basegrowing seasonSepOctNov0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%SummerWinter100%Oct 16100%Oct 1690%Dec 1790%Dec 17very coldcoldcoolwarmhotswelteringcomfortable
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

The average accumulated growing degree days at Kirkuk Air Base are very rapidly increasing during the fall, increasing by 2,113°F, from 5,281°F to 7,394°F, over the course of the season.

Growing Degree Days in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Growing Degree Days in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov5,500°F5,500°F6,000°F6,000°F6,500°F6,500°F7,000°F7,000°F7,500°F7,500°FSummerWinterSep 15,281°FSep 15,281°FNov 307,394°FNov 307,394°FOct 16,264°FOct 16,264°FNov 17,042°FNov 17,042°F
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the fall, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy at Kirkuk Air Base is very rapidly decreasing during the fall, falling by 4.2 kWh, from 7.1 kWh to 2.8 kWh, over the course of the season.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in the Fall at Kirkuk Air Base

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in the Fall at Kirkuk Air BaseSepOctNov0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWhSummerWinterSep 17.1 kWhSep 17.1 kWhNov 302.8 kWhNov 302.8 kWhOct 15.5 kWhOct 15.5 kWhNov 13.7 kWhNov 13.7 kWh
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Kirkuk Air Base are 35.470 deg latitude, 44.349 deg longitude, and 1,053 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Kirkuk Air Base contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 177 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 1,050 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (1,266 feet). Within 50 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (5,171 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Kirkuk Air Base is covered by artificial surfaces (86%), within 10 miles by cropland (41%) and bare soil (36%), and within 50 miles by cropland (47%) and bare soil (27%).

This report illustrates the typical weather at Kirkuk Air Base, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

Kirkuk Air Base has a weather station that reported reliably enough during the analysis period that we have included it in our network. When available, historical temperature and dew point measurements are taken directly from this weather station. These records are obtained from NOAA's Integrated Surface Hourly data set, falling back on ICAO METAR records as required.

In the case of missing or erroneous measurements from this station, we fall back on records from nearby stations, adjusted according to typical seasonal and diurnal intra-station differences. For a given day of the year and hour of the day, the fallback station is selected to minimize the prediction error over the years for which there are measurements for both stations.

The stations on which we may fall back are Q West Iraq, Fob Diamondback, and Mosul International Airport.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

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