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Fall Weather at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport Portugal

Daily high temperatures decrease by 16°F, from 75°F to 60°F, rarely falling below 54°F or exceeding 84°F.

Daily low temperatures decrease by 12°F, from 59°F to 47°F, rarely falling below 38°F or exceeding 64°F.

For reference, on July 28, the hottest day of the year, temperatures at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport typically range from 60°F to 76°F, while on January 24, the coldest day of the year, they range from 44°F to 57°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Average High and Low Temperature in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov35°F35°F40°F40°F45°F45°F50°F50°F55°F55°F60°F60°F65°F65°F70°F70°F75°F75°F80°F80°F85°F85°F90°F90°FSummerWinterSep 175°FSep 175°F59°F59°FNov 3060°FNov 3060°F47°F47°FOct 171°FOct 171°F56°F56°FNov 165°FNov 165°F52°F52°F
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average fall temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Average Hourly Temperature in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSummerWintercoldcoldcoolcomfortable
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Te Kauwhata, New Zealand (12,115 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport (view comparison).

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The fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport experiences very rapidly increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 30% to 53%.

The clearest day of the fall is September 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 70% of the time.

For reference, on December 15, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 56%, while on July 26, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 85%.

Cloud Cover Categories in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Cloud Cover Categories in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%SummerWinterSep 170%Sep 170%Nov 3047%Nov 3047%Oct 158%Oct 158%Nov 146%Nov 146%clearmostly clearpartly cloudyovercastmostly cloudy
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. At Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport, the chance of a wet day over the course of the fall is very rapidly increasing, starting the season at 11% and ending it at 33%.

For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 38% on October 28, and its lowest chance is 5% on July 23.

Probability of Precipitation in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Probability of Precipitation in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov0%0%5%5%10%10%15%15%20%20%25%25%30%30%35%35%40%40%SummerWinterOct 2838%Oct 2838%Sep 111%Sep 111%Nov 3033%Nov 3033%Oct 127%Oct 127%rain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).

Rainfall

To show variation within the season and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.

The average sliding 31-day rainfall during the fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport is very rapidly increasing, starting the season at 1.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 2.8 inches or falls below 0.1 inches, and ending the season at 4.9 inches, when it rarely exceeds 9.9 inches or falls below 0.9 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Average Monthly Rainfall in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov0 in0 in2 in2 in4 in4 in6 in6 in8 in8 in10 in10 in12 in12 inSummerWinterSep 11.2 inSep 11.2 inNov 304.9 inNov 304.9 inOct 13.5 inOct 13.5 inNov 15.0 inNov 15.0 in
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.

Over the course of the fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport, the length of the day is very rapidly decreasing. From the start to the end of the season, the length of the day decreases by 3 hours, 39 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 2 minutes, 26 seconds, and weekly decrease of 17 minutes, 2 seconds.

The shortest day of the fall is November 30, with 9 hours, 26 minutes of daylight and the longest day is September 1, with 13 hours, 5 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hrSummerWinterSep 2212 hr, 9 minSep 2212 hr, 9 minnightnightdaydaySep 113 hr, 5 minSep 113 hr, 5 minNov 309 hr, 26 minNov 309 hr, 26 minNov 110 hr, 23 minNov 110 hr, 23 min
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.

The latest sunrise of the fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport is 7:59 AM on October 26 and the earliest sunrise is 59 minutes earlier at 7:00 AM on October 27.

The latest sunset is 8:06 PM on September 1 and the earliest sunset is 3 hours, 0 minutes earlier at 5:06 PM on November 30.

Daylight saving time (DST) starts at 1:00 AM on October 27, 2024, shifting sunrise and sunset to be an hour later.

For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 6:01 AM and sets 15 hours, 9 minutes later, at 9:11 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 7:57 AM and sets 9 hours, 12 minutes later, at 5:08 PM.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMSummerWinter7:00 AM7:00 AMOct 275:36 PMOct 275:36 PM7:01 AM7:01 AMSep 18:06 PMSep 18:06 PM7:40 AM7:40 AMNov 305:06 PMNov 305:06 PM7:31 AM7:31 AMOct 17:15 PMOct 17:15 PMDSTOct 27DSTOct 27SolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunset
The solar day in the fall. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSummerWinter002020303050600010103040
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth in the the fall of 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for the fall of 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov12 AM12 AM4 AM4 AM8 AM8 AM12 PM12 PM4 PM4 PM8 PM8 PM12 AM12 AMSummerWinterAug 412:14 PMAug 412:14 PMAug 197:26 PMAug 197:26 PMSep 32:56 AMSep 32:56 AMSep 183:35 AMSep 183:35 AMOct 27:50 PMOct 27:50 PMOct 1712:27 PMOct 1712:27 PMNov 112:48 PMNov 112:48 PMNov 159:29 PMNov 159:29 PMDec 16:22 AMDec 16:22 AMDec 159:02 AMDec 159:02 AMDec 3010:28 PMDec 3010:28 PM9:15 PM9:15 PM8:40 PM8:40 PM7:24 AM7:24 AM7:14 AM7:14 AM8:25 PM8:25 PM7:31 PM7:31 PM7:33 AM7:33 AM7:07 PM7:07 PM6:18 PM6:18 PM7:41 AM7:41 AM7:03 AM7:03 AM5:15 PM5:15 PM4:42 PM4:42 PM8:15 AM8:15 AM8:08 AM8:08 AM4:55 PM4:55 PM8:19 AM8:19 AM4:33 PM4:33 PM
The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The chance that a given day will be muggy at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport is decreasing during the fall, falling from 8% to 0% over the course of the season.

For reference, on August 13, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 10% of the time, while on December 3, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.

Humidity Comfort Levels in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Humidity Comfort Levels in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%SummerWinterSep 18%Sep 18%Nov 300%Nov 300%Oct 14%Oct 14%Nov 11%Nov 11%muggymuggyhumidhumidcomfortablecomfortabledrydry
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport is increasing during the fall, increasing from 6.1 miles per hour to 7.8 miles per hour over the course of the season.

For reference, on December 26, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 8.2 miles per hour, while on September 12, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 6.0 miles per hour.

The lowest daily average wind speed during the fall is 6.0 miles per hour on September 12.

Average Wind Speed in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Average Wind Speed in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mphSummerWinterSep 126.0 mphSep 126.0 mphNov 307.8 mphNov 307.8 mphOct 16.5 mphOct 16.5 mphNov 17.4 mphNov 17.4 mph
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

The wind direction at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport during the fall is predominantly out of the north from September 1 to October 15, the south from October 15 to November 6, and the east from November 6 to November 30.

Wind Direction in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Wind Direction in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportNSESepOctNov0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%SummerWinterwestsoutheastnorth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average surface water temperature at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport is decreasing during the fall, falling by 4°F, from 64°F to 59°F, over the course of the season.

Average Water Temperature in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Average Water Temperature in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov56°F56°F58°F58°F60°F60°F62°F62°F64°F64°F66°F66°F68°F68°FSummerWinterSep 164°FSep 164°FNov 3059°FNov 3059°FOct 163°FOct 163°FNov 162°FNov 162°F
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

While it does not do so every year, freezing temperatures are seen at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport over some winters. The day least likely to be in the growing season is January 16, with a 53% chance.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airportgrowing seasonSepOctNov0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%SummerWinter100%Oct 16100%Oct 1690%Dec 1890%Dec 18very coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarm
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

The average accumulated growing degree days at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport are very rapidly increasing during the fall, increasing by 985°F, from 2,385°F to 3,370°F, over the course of the season.

Growing Degree Days in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Growing Degree Days in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov2,200°F2,200°F2,400°F2,400°F2,600°F2,600°F2,800°F2,800°F3,000°F3,000°F3,200°F3,200°F3,400°F3,400°F3,600°F3,600°F3,800°F3,800°FSummerWinterSep 12,385°FSep 12,385°FNov 303,370°FNov 303,370°FOct 12,840°FOct 12,840°FNov 13,186°FNov 13,186°F
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the fall, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport is very rapidly decreasing during the fall, falling by 4.1 kWh, from 6.0 kWh to 1.9 kWh, over the course of the season.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in the Fall at Francisco de Sá Carneiro AirportSepOctNov0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWhSummerWinterSep 16.0 kWhSep 16.0 kWhNov 301.9 kWhNov 301.9 kWhOct 14.2 kWhOct 14.2 kWhNov 12.6 kWhNov 12.6 kWh
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport are 41.248 deg latitude, -8.681 deg longitude, and 177 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 331 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 181 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (1,004 feet). Within 50 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (4,843 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport is covered by cropland (44%), artificial surfaces (40%), and trees (16%), within 10 miles by water (38%) and artificial surfaces (25%), and within 50 miles by water (46%) and trees (24%).

This report illustrates the typical weather at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport has a weather station that reported reliably enough during the analysis period that we have included it in our network. When available, historical temperature and dew point measurements are taken directly from this weather station. These records are obtained from NOAA's Integrated Surface Hourly data set, falling back on ICAO METAR records as required.

In the case of missing or erroneous measurements from this station, we fall back on records from nearby stations, adjusted according to typical seasonal and diurnal intra-station differences. For a given day of the year and hour of the day, the fallback station is selected to minimize the prediction error over the years for which there are measurements for both stations.

The stations on which we may fall back are Vila Real Airport, Vigo-Peinador Airport, Santiago de Compostela Airport, and Braganca.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

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