Fall Weather in Pénjamo MexicoDaily high temperatures decrease by 7°F, from 90°F to 83°F, rarely falling below 78°F or exceeding 93°F. Daily low temperatures decrease by 5°F, from 78°F to 73°F, rarely falling below 69°F or exceeding 81°F. The highest daily average low temperature is 78°F on September 12. For reference, on July 28, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Pénjamo typically range from 78°F to 91°F, while on January 29, the coldest day of the year, they range from 70°F to 80°F. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average fall temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Brazil (4,367 miles away) and Dicabisagan, Philippines (9,005 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Pénjamo (view comparison). CloudsThe fall in Pénjamo experiences very rapidly decreasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy decreasing from 84% to 37%. The highest chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 85% on September 12. The clearest day of the fall is November 30, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 63% of the time. For reference, on September 12, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 85%, while on February 20, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 75%. PrecipitationA wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Pénjamo, the chance of a wet day over the course of the fall is very rapidly decreasing, starting the season at 72% and ending it at 35%. For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 77% on September 16, and its lowest chance is 14% on March 29. RainfallTo show variation within the season and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day rainfall during the fall in Pénjamo is very rapidly decreasing, starting the season at 9.8 inches, when it rarely exceeds 15.8 inches or falls below 4.8 inches, and ending the season at 4.8 inches, when it rarely exceeds 9.1 inches or falls below 1.5 inches. The highest average 31-day accumulation is 12.3 inches on September 27. SunOver the course of the fall in Pénjamo, the length of the day is rapidly decreasing. From the start to the end of the season, the length of the day decreases by 1 hour, 22 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 54 seconds, and weekly decrease of 6 minutes, 21 seconds. The shortest day of the fall is November 30, with 11 hours, 7 minutes of daylight and the longest day is September 1, with 12 hours, 28 minutes of daylight. The earliest sunrise of the fall in Pénjamo is 5:57 AM on September 1 and the latest sunrise is 30 minutes later at 6:27 AM on November 30. The latest sunset is 6:26 PM on September 1 and the earliest sunset is 52 minutes earlier at 5:34 PM on November 24. Daylight saving time is not observed in Pénjamo during 2024. For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:36 AM and sets 13 hours, 14 minutes later, at 6:51 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 6:40 AM and sets 11 hours, 1 minute later, at 5:41 PM. The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation. MoonThe figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for the fall of 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon. HumidityWe base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The chance that a given day will be muggy in Pénjamo is decreasing during the fall, falling from 100% to 93% over the course of the season. For reference, on July 9, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 100% of the time, while on January 14, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 82% of the time. WindThis section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed in Pénjamo is increasing during the fall, increasing from 9.8 miles per hour to 11.2 miles per hour over the course of the season. For reference, on July 14, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 11.7 miles per hour, while on May 22, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 9.3 miles per hour. The lowest daily average wind speed during the fall is 9.5 miles per hour on September 10. The wind direction in Pénjamo during the fall is predominantly out of the east from September 1 to October 21 and from October 28 to November 30 and the north from October 21 to October 28. Water TemperaturePénjamo is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water. The average surface water temperature in Pénjamo is decreasing during the fall, falling by 5°F, from 84°F to 79°F, over the course of the season. The highest average surface water temperature during the fall is 84°F on September 14. Growing SeasonDefinitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). Temperatures in Pénjamo are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms. We nevertheless include the chart below as an illustration of the distribution of temperatures experienced throughout the year. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. The average accumulated growing degree days in Pénjamo are very rapidly increasing during the fall, increasing by 2,786°F, from 7,243°F to 10,030°F, over the course of the season. Solar EnergyThis section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Pénjamo is essentially constant during the fall, remaining within 0.3 kWh of 4.8 kWh throughout. The lowest average daily incident shortwave solar energy during the fall is 4.5 kWh on September 15. TopographyFor the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Pénjamo are 18.434 deg latitude, -93.093 deg longitude, and 36 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Pénjamo is essentially flat, with a maximum elevation change of 82 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 21 feet. Within 10 miles is essentially flat (112 feet). Within 50 miles also contains only modest variations in elevation (341 feet). The area within 2 miles of Pénjamo is covered by water (44%), herbaceous vegetation (35%), and mangroves (16%), within 10 miles by water (57%) and herbaceous vegetation (19%), and within 50 miles by water (50%) and cropland (33%). Data SourcesThis report illustrates the typical weather in Pénjamo, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Temperature and Dew PointThere is only a single weather station, Carlos Rovirosa Pérez International Airport, in our network suitable to be used as a proxy for the historical temperature and dew point records of Pénjamo. At a distance of 58 kilometers from Pénjamo, closer than our threshold of 150 kilometers, this station is deemed sufficiently nearby to be relied upon as our primary source for temperature and dew point records. The station records are corrected for the elevation difference between the station and Pénjamo according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations. Please note that the station records themselves may additionally have been back-filled using other nearby stations or the MERRA-2 reanalysis. Other DataAll data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus. All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database . Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com . Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors. DisclaimerThe information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader. Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page. |