Spring Weather in Axum Ethiopia

Daily high temperatures are around 82°F, rarely falling below 74°F or exceeding 87°F. The highest daily average high temperature is 84°F on March 31.

Daily low temperatures increase by 5°F, from 58°F to 63°F, rarely falling below 53°F or exceeding 67°F. The highest daily average low temperature is 63°F on May 18.

For reference, on March 31, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Axum typically range from 61°F to 84°F, while on December 22, the coldest day of the year, they range from 51°F to 77°F.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average spring temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Mexico (8,741 miles away); Marcala, Honduras (8,314 miles); and Pakxong, Laos (4,499 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Axum (view comparison).

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The spring in Axum experiences very rapidly increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 35% to 60%.

The clearest day of the spring is March 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 65% of the time.

For reference, on July 24, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 86%, while on November 19, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 79%.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Axum, the chance of a wet day over the course of the spring is very rapidly increasing, starting the season at 3% and ending it at 17%.

For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 73% on August 3, and its lowest chance is 0% on February 5.

Rainfall

To show variation within the season and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.

The average sliding 31-day rainfall during the spring in Axum is increasing, starting the season at 0.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 0.6 inches, and ending the season at 1.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 2.5 inches.

Over the course of the spring in Axum, the length of the day is rapidly increasing. From the start to the end of the season, the length of the day increases by 1 hour, 2 minutes, implying an average daily increase of 41 seconds, and weekly increase of 4 minutes, 47 seconds.

The shortest day of the spring is March 1, with 11 hours, 52 minutes of daylight and the longest day is May 31, with 12 hours, 54 minutes of daylight.

The latest sunrise of the spring in Axum is 6:41 AM on March 1 and the earliest sunrise is 46 minutes earlier at 5:55 AM on May 31.

The earliest sunset is 6:33 PM on March 1 and the latest sunset is 17 minutes later at 6:50 PM on May 31.

Daylight saving time is not observed in Axum during 2024.

For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:57 AM and sets 12 hours, 58 minutes later, at 6:55 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 6:44 AM and sets 11 hours, 18 minutes later, at 6:02 PM.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for the spring of 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The chance that a given day will be muggy in Axum is essentially constant during the spring, remaining around 0% throughout.

For reference, on July 27, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time, while on January 1, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Axum is decreasing during the spring, decreasing from 8.4 miles per hour to 6.7 miles per hour over the course of the season.

For reference, on March 2, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 8.4 miles per hour, while on September 10, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 5.0 miles per hour.

The highest daily average wind speed during the spring is 8.4 miles per hour on March 2. The lowest daily average wind speed during the spring is 6.5 miles per hour on May 24.

The wind direction in Axum during the spring is predominantly out of the east from March 1 to March 11 and from April 5 to May 31 and the south from March 11 to April 5.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

Temperatures in Axum are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms. We nevertheless include the chart below as an illustration of the distribution of temperatures experienced throughout the year.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

The average accumulated growing degree days in Axum are very rapidly increasing during the spring, increasing by 2,056°F, from 1,084°F to 3,139°F, over the course of the season.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Axum is essentially constant during the spring, remaining within 0.4 kWh of 7.1 kWh throughout.

The highest average daily incident shortwave solar energy during the spring is 7.5 kWh on April 10.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Axum are 14.121 deg latitude, 38.723 deg longitude, and 6,991 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Axum contains very significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 889 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 7,063 feet. Within 10 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (3,209 feet). Within 50 miles contains large variations in elevation (9,531 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Axum is covered by cropland (100%), within 10 miles by cropland (93%), and within 50 miles by cropland (68%) and shrubs (15%).