October Weather in Valley City United StatesDaily high temperatures decrease by 16°F, from 63°F to 47°F, rarely falling below 30°F or exceeding 78°F. Daily low temperatures decrease by 12°F, from 41°F to 29°F, rarely falling below 16°F or exceeding 51°F. For reference, on July 24, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Valley City typically range from 59°F to 83°F, while on January 15, the coldest day of the year, they range from 2°F to 19°F. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on October. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. Samara, Russia (5,275 miles away) and Razdol’noye, Russia (5,491 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Valley City (view comparison). CloudsThe month of October in Valley City experiences increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 41% to 50%. The clearest day of the month is October 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 59% of the time. For reference, on February 4, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 62%, while on July 26, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 74%. PrecipitationA wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Valley City, the chance of a wet day over the course of October is very rapidly decreasing, starting the month at 18% and ending it at 10%. For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 38% on June 11, and its lowest chance is 4% on January 28. Over the course of October in Valley City, the chance of a day with only rain decreases from 18% to 7%, the chance of a day with mixed snow and rain remains an essentially constant 1% throughout, and the chance of a day with only snow remains an essentially constant 1% throughout. RainfallTo show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day rainfall during October in Valley City is decreasing, starting the month at 1.8 inches, when it rarely exceeds 3.6 inches or falls below 0.3 inches, and ending the month at 0.8 inches, when it rarely exceeds 2.1 inches or falls below 0.1 inches. SnowfallAs with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day snowfall during October in Valley City is increasing, starting the month at 0.1 inches, when it rarely exceeds 0.4 inches or falls below -0.0 inches, and ending the month at 1.7 inches, when it rarely exceeds 5.4 inches or falls below -0.0 inches. SunOver the course of October in Valley City, the length of the day is rapidly decreasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day decreases by 1 hour, 36 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 3 minutes, 13 seconds, and weekly decrease of 22 minutes, 28 seconds. The shortest day of the month is October 31, with 10 hours, 3 minutes of daylight and the longest day is October 1, with 11 hours, 39 minutes of daylight. The earliest sunrise of the month in Valley City is 7:31 AM on October 1 and the latest sunrise is 42 minutes later at 8:14 AM on October 31. The latest sunset is 7:10 PM on October 1 and the earliest sunset is 54 minutes earlier at 6:16 PM on October 31. Daylight saving time is observed in Valley City during 2024, but it neither starts nor ends during October, so the entire month is in standard time. For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:37 AM and sets 15 hours, 53 minutes later, at 9:30 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 8:14 AM and sets 8 hours, 31 minutes later, at 4:46 PM. The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation. MoonThe figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for October 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.
HumidityWe base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The chance that a given day will be muggy in Valley City is essentially constant during October, remaining around 0% throughout. For reference, on July 17, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 29% of the time, while on January 1, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time. WindThis section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed in Valley City is essentially constant during October, remaining within 0.2 miles per hour of 11.7 miles per hour throughout. For reference, on March 31, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 12.6 miles per hour, while on July 30, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 9.1 miles per hour. The highest daily average wind speed during October is 11.9 miles per hour on October 17. The hourly average wind direction in Valley City throughout October is predominantly from the west, with a peak proportion of 35% on October 24. Growing SeasonDefinitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). The growing season in Valley City typically lasts for 4.7 months (144 days), from around May 9 to around September 30, rarely starting before April 18 or after May 27, and rarely ending before September 13 or after October 17. The month of October in Valley City is more likely than not fully outside of the growing season, with the chance that a given day is in the growing season rapidly decreasing from 46% to 1% over the course of the month. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. The average accumulated growing degree days in Valley City are gradually increasing during October, increasing by 79°F, from 2,230°F to 2,309°F, over the course of the month. Solar EnergyThis section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Valley City is decreasing during October, falling by 1.5 kWh, from 3.8 kWh to 2.3 kWh, over the course of the month. TopographyFor the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Valley City are 46.923 deg latitude, -98.003 deg longitude, and 1,211 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Valley City contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 305 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 1,309 feet. Within 10 miles also contains only modest variations in elevation (397 feet). Within 50 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (1,030 feet). The area within 2 miles of Valley City is covered by cropland (79%) and artificial surfaces (19%), within 10 miles by cropland (94%), and within 50 miles by cropland (93%). Data SourcesThis report illustrates the typical weather in Valley City, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Temperature and Dew PointThere are 3 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Valley City. For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Valley City according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations. The estimated value at Valley City is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Valley City and a given station. The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:
To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Valley City and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data. Other DataAll data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus. All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database . Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com . Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors. DisclaimerThe information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader. Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page. |