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January Weather in Catena Italy

Daily high temperatures are around 51°F, rarely falling below 42°F or exceeding 59°F. The lowest daily average high temperature is 50°F on January 2.

Daily low temperatures are around 36°F, rarely falling below 26°F or exceeding 47°F. The lowest daily average low temperature is 36°F on January 11.

For reference, on August 4, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Catena typically range from 67°F to 89°F, while on January 11, the coldest day of the year, they range from 36°F to 50°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in January in Catena

The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on January. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in January in Catena

Average Hourly Temperature in January in CatenaJan112233445566778899101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030313112 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMDecFebvery coldvery coldcold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Challenge-Brownsville, California, United States (5,965 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Catena (view comparison).

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Compare Catena to another city:

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The month of January in Catena experiences essentially constant cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy remaining about 57% throughout the month.

The clearest day of the month is January 30, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 45% of the time.

For reference, on November 24, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 59%, while on July 20, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 83%.

Cloud Cover Categories in January in Catena

Cloud Cover Categories in January in CatenaJan11223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%DecFebJan 144%Jan 144%Jan 3145%Jan 3145%Jan 1144%Jan 1144%Jan 2142%Jan 2142%clearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Catena, the chance of a wet day over the course of January is essentially constant, remaining around 21% throughout.

For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 32% on November 15, and its lowest chance is 13% on August 4.

Probability of Precipitation in January in Catena

The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).

Rainfall

To show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.

The average sliding 31-day rainfall during January in Catena is essentially constant, remaining about 1.7 inches throughout, and rarely exceeding 3.6 inches or falling below 0.2 inches.

The lowest average 31-day accumulation is 1.6 inches on January 26.

Average Monthly Rainfall in January in Catena

The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.

Over the course of January in Catena, the length of the day is increasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day increases by 51 minutes, implying an average daily increase of 1 minute, 42 seconds, and weekly increase of 11 minutes, 56 seconds.

The shortest day of the month is January 1, with 8 hours, 58 minutes of daylight and the longest day is January 31, with 9 hours, 50 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in January in Catena

The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.

The latest sunrise of the month in Catena is 7:50 AM on January 4 and the earliest sunrise is 15 minutes earlier at 7:34 AM on January 31.

The earliest sunset is 4:48 PM on January 1 and the latest sunset is 36 minutes later at 5:24 PM on January 31.

Daylight saving time is observed in Catena during 2024, but it neither starts nor ends during January, so the entire month is in daylight saving time.

For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:33 AM and sets 15 hours, 28 minutes later, at 9:01 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 7:47 AM and sets 8 hours, 54 minutes later, at 4:41 PM.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in January in Catena

The solar day over the course of January. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in January in Catena

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in January in CatenaJan112233445566778899101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030313112 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMDecFeb001010202020300001010202030
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of January 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for January 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in January in Catena

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in January in CatenaJan112233445566778899101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030313112 AM12 AM4 AM4 AM8 AM8 AM12 PM12 PM4 PM4 PM8 PM8 PM12 AM12 AMDecFebDec 1312:33 AMDec 1312:33 AMDec 271:34 AMDec 271:34 AMJan 1112:58 PMJan 1112:58 PMJan 256:55 PMJan 256:55 PMFeb 1012:00 AMFeb 1012:00 AMFeb 241:31 PMFeb 241:31 PM8:29 AM8:29 AM4:44 PM4:44 PM3:52 PM3:52 PM8:36 AM8:36 AM8:13 AM8:13 AM4:42 PM4:42 PM4:48 PM4:48 PM8:28 AM8:28 AM7:28 AM7:28 AM4:56 PM4:56 PM5:55 PM5:55 PM7:37 AM7:37 AM
The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
Jan 2024IlluminationMoonriseMoonsetMoonriseMeridian PassingDistance
1
77%-11:09 AMWNW10:15 PME4:14 AMS251,506 mi
2
69%-11:26 AMW11:17 PME4:54 AMS251,500 mi
3
59%-11:43 AMW-5:32 AMS250,685 mi
4
50%12:19 AME12:00 PMW-6:11 AMS249,041 mi
5
40%1:23 AMESE12:18 PMWSW-6:52 AMS246,616 mi
6
30%2:30 AMESE12:40 PMWSW-7:35 AMS243,530 mi
7
21%3:40 AMESE1:07 PMWSW-8:24 AMS239,978 mi
8
12%4:53 AMSE1:42 PMSW-9:17 AMS236,223 mi
9
6%6:07 AMSE2:28 PMSW-10:17 AMS232,583 mi
10
2%7:15 AMSE3:29 PMSW-11:22 AMS229,396 mi
11
0%8:13 AMSE4:42 PMSW-12:27 PMS226,967 mi
12
1%8:59 AMSE6:04 PMWSW-1:31 PMS225,511 mi
13
6%9:34 AMESE7:28 PMWSW-2:31 PMS225,109 mi
14
13%10:03 AMESE8:49 PMWSW-3:25 PMS225,707 mi
15
23%10:26 AME10:08 PMW-4:16 PMS227,146 mi
16
33%10:48 AME11:25 PMW-5:04 PMS229,204 mi
17
45%11:09 AME--5:50 PMS231,648 mi
18
50%-12:40 AMWNW11:30 AMENE6:38 PMS234,270 mi
19
67%-1:55 AMWNW11:55 AMENE7:27 PMS236,909 mi
20
77%-3:09 AMWNW12:24 PMENE8:18 PMS239,458 mi
21
86%-4:22 AMNW1:01 PMNE9:12 PMS241,857 mi
22
92%-5:30 AMNW1:46 PMNE10:07 PMS244,078 mi
23
97%-6:29 AMNW2:40 PMNE11:01 PMS246,109 mi
24
99%-7:19 AMNW3:42 PMNE11:54 PMS247,931 mi
25
100%-7:58 AMNW4:48 PMNE--
26
100%-8:28 AMWNW5:55 PMENE12:43 AMS249,511 mi
27
99%-8:53 AMWNW7:00 PMENE1:28 AMS250,792 mi
28
95%-9:13 AMWNW8:04 PMENE2:11 AMS251,693 mi
29
90%-9:31 AMW9:07 PME2:51 AMS252,119 mi
30
84%-9:48 AMW10:08 PME3:30 AMS251,968 mi
31
76%-10:04 AMW11:11 PME4:08 AMS251,150 mi

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

The chance that a given day will be muggy in Catena is essentially constant during January, remaining around 0% throughout.

For reference, on August 6, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 34% of the time, while on November 13, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.

Humidity Comfort Levels in January in Catena

Humidity Comfort Levels in January in CatenaJan11223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%DecFebJan 10%Jan 10%Jan 310%Jan 310%Jan 110%Jan 110%Jan 210%Jan 210%drydry
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Catena is essentially constant during January, remaining within 0.2 miles per hour of 7.2 miles per hour throughout.

For reference, on February 3, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 7.5 miles per hour, while on August 9, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 5.3 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in January in Catena

The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

The hourly average wind direction in Catena throughout January is predominantly from the north, with a peak proportion of 31% on January 31.

Wind Direction in January in Catena

Wind Direction in January in CatenaENEJan11223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%DecFebsoutheastnorthwest
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Catena is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average surface water temperature in Catena is essentially constant during January, remaining within 1°F of 57°F throughout.

Average Water Temperature in January in Catena

The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Catena typically lasts for 8.6 months (264 days), from around March 7 to around November 26, rarely starting before February 9 or after March 30, and rarely ending before November 5 or after December 18.

The month of January in Catena is very likely fully outside of the growing season, with the chance that a given day is in the growing season reaching a low of 0% on January 5.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in January in Catena

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in January in Catenagrowing seasonJan11223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%DecFebJan 11%Jan 11%Jan 315%Jan 315%Jan 111%Jan 111%Jan 212%Jan 212%Feb 910%Feb 910%very coldcoldcoolfreezing
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

The average accumulated growing degree days in Catena are essentially constant during January, remaining within 12°F of 12°F throughout.

Growing Degree Days in January in Catena

Growing Degree Days in January in CatenaJan11223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031315°F5°F10°F10°F15°F15°F20°F20°F25°F25°F30°F30°F35°F35°F40°F40°F45°F45°FDecFebJan 11°FJan 11°FJan 3124°FJan 3124°FJan 118°FJan 118°FJan 2116°FJan 2116°F
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of January, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Catena is gradually increasing during January, rising by 0.6 kWh, from 1.4 kWh to 2.0 kWh, over the course of the month.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in January in Catena

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in January in CatenaJan11223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310.0 kWh0.0 kWh0.5 kWh0.5 kWh1.0 kWh1.0 kWh1.5 kWh1.5 kWh2.0 kWh2.0 kWh2.5 kWh2.5 kWh3.0 kWh3.0 kWh3.5 kWh3.5 kWh4.0 kWh4.0 kWh4.5 kWh4.5 kWhDecFebJan 11.4 kWhJan 11.4 kWhJan 312.0 kWhJan 312.0 kWhJan 111.5 kWhJan 111.5 kWhJan 211.7 kWhJan 211.7 kWh
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Catena are 43.843 deg latitude, 11.017 deg longitude, and 128 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Catena contains very significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 883 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 188 feet. Within 10 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (3,353 feet). Within 50 miles also contains extreme variations in elevation (7,087 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Catena is covered by cropland (78%) and artificial surfaces (21%), within 10 miles by cropland (56%) and trees (25%), and within 50 miles by trees (48%) and cropland (37%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Catena, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 3 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Catena.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Catena according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Catena is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Catena and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

Sources mapLIRQ, 85%10 mi, 13 ftLIVC, 2%29 mi, 7,001 ftLIRP, 13%33 mi, -125 ft© OpenStreetMap contributors

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Catena and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

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