January Weather at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport SpainDaily high temperatures increase by 3°F, from 50°F to 53°F, rarely falling below 43°F or exceeding 61°F. The lowest daily average high temperature is 50°F on January 8. Daily low temperatures are around 34°F, rarely falling below 24°F or exceeding 44°F. The lowest daily average low temperature is 33°F on January 15. For reference, on July 30, the hottest day of the year, temperatures at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport typically range from 64°F to 92°F, while on January 15, the coldest day of the year, they range from 33°F to 51°F. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on January. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. CloudsThe month of January at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport experiences gradually decreasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy decreasing from 51% to 45%. The clearest day of the month is January 31, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 55% of the time. For reference, on December 15, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 52%, while on July 20, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 88%. PrecipitationA wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. At Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport, the chance of a wet day over the course of January is gradually decreasing, starting the month at 18% and ending it at 14%. For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 24% on October 31, and its lowest chance is 5% on July 18. RainfallTo show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day rainfall during January at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport is gradually decreasing, starting the month at 1.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 3.1 inches or falls below 0.1 inches, and ending the month at 0.9 inches, when it rarely exceeds 1.9 inches or falls below 0.1 inches. SunOver the course of January at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport, the length of the day is increasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day increases by 45 minutes, implying an average daily increase of 1 minute, 30 seconds, and weekly increase of 10 minutes, 29 seconds. The shortest day of the month is January 1, with 9 hours, 20 minutes of daylight and the longest day is January 31, with 10 hours, 5 minutes of daylight. The latest sunrise of the month at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport is 8:37 AM on January 5 and the earliest sunrise is 13 minutes earlier at 8:25 AM on January 31. The earliest sunset is 5:57 PM on January 1 and the latest sunset is 33 minutes later at 6:30 PM on January 31. Daylight saving time is observed at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport during 2024, but it neither starts nor ends during January, so the entire month is in daylight saving time. For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 6:43 AM and sets 15 hours, 4 minutes later, at 9:48 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 8:34 AM and sets 9 hours, 17 minutes later, at 5:50 PM. The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation. MoonThe figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for January 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.
HumidityWe base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The chance that a given day will be muggy at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport is essentially constant during January, remaining around 0% throughout. For reference, on July 24, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time, while on October 16, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time. WindThis section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport is essentially constant during January, remaining within 0.3 miles per hour of 7.8 miles per hour throughout. For reference, on April 4, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 8.8 miles per hour, while on September 15, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 7.1 miles per hour. The lowest daily average wind speed during January is 7.6 miles per hour on January 6. The hourly average wind direction at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport throughout January is predominantly from the north, with a peak proportion of 40% on January 15. Growing SeasonDefinitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). The growing season at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport typically lasts for 7.5 months (231 days), from around March 27 to around November 13, rarely starting before February 27 or after April 21, and rarely ending before October 24 or after December 6. The month of January at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport is reliably fully outside of the growing season. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. The average accumulated growing degree days at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport are essentially constant during January, remaining within 9°F of 9°F throughout. Solar EnergyThis section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport is gradually increasing during January, rising by 0.7 kWh, from 2.0 kWh to 2.7 kWh, over the course of the month. TopographyFor the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport are 40.492 deg latitude, -3.569 deg longitude, and 1,998 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 354 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 1,974 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (814 feet). Within 50 miles contains significant variations in elevation (6,555 feet). The area within 2 miles of Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport is covered by artificial surfaces (80%), within 10 miles by artificial surfaces (45%) and cropland (38%), and within 50 miles by cropland (48%) and trees (21%). Data SourcesThis report illustrates the typical weather at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Temperature and Dew PointAdolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport has a weather station that reported reliably enough during the analysis period that we have included it in our network. When available, historical temperature and dew point measurements are taken directly from this weather station. These records are obtained from NOAA's Integrated Surface Hourly data set, falling back on ICAO METAR records as required. In the case of missing or erroneous measurements from this station, we fall back on records from nearby stations, adjusted according to typical seasonal and diurnal intra-station differences. For a given day of the year and hour of the day, the fallback station is selected to minimize the prediction error over the years for which there are measurements for both stations. The stations on which we may fall back are Madrid–Torrejón Airport and Salamanca Airport. Other DataAll data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus. All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database . Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com . Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors. DisclaimerThe information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. 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