September Weather in Mandar IndonesiaDaily high temperatures are around 83°F, rarely falling below 81°F or exceeding 85°F. Daily low temperatures are around 80°F, rarely falling below 78°F or exceeding 82°F. For reference, on October 29, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Mandar typically range from 82°F to 84°F, while on August 5, the coldest day of the year, they range from 79°F to 81°F. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on September. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. San Andrés, Colombia (11,229 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Mandar (view comparison). CloudsThe month of September in Mandar experiences increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 55% to 65%. The clearest day of the month is September 2, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 46% of the time. For reference, on January 19, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 90%, while on August 4, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 50%. PrecipitationA wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Mandar, the chance of a wet day over the course of September is increasing, starting the month at 5% and ending it at 9%. For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 83% on January 28, and its lowest chance is 3% on August 19. RainfallTo show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day rainfall during September in Mandar is gradually increasing, starting the month at 0.3 inches, when it rarely exceeds 0.8 inches or falls below -0.0 inches, and ending the month at 0.6 inches, when it rarely exceeds 2.2 inches or falls below -0.0 inches. SunOver the course of September in Mandar, the length of the day is essentially constant. The shortest day of the month is September 1, with 11 hours, 59 minutes of daylight and the longest day is September 30, with 12 hours, 9 minutes of daylight. The latest sunrise of the month in Mandar is 5:19 AM on September 1 and the earliest sunrise is 15 minutes earlier at 5:04 AM on September 30. The latest sunset is 5:18 PM on September 1 and the earliest sunset is 5 minutes earlier at 5:13 PM on September 30. Daylight saving time is not observed in Mandar during 2024. For reference, on December 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:01 AM and sets 12 hours, 31 minutes later, at 5:32 PM, while on June 20, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 5:28 AM and sets 11 hours, 44 minutes later, at 5:12 PM. The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation. MoonThe figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for September 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.
HumidityWe base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The chance that a given day will be muggy in Mandar is essentially constant during September, remaining around 100% throughout. For reference, on January 1, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 100% of the time, while on August 2, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 100% of the time. WindThis section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed in Mandar is decreasing during September, decreasing from 11.7 miles per hour to 10.4 miles per hour over the course of the month. For reference, on August 5, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 12.6 miles per hour, while on November 21, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 6.6 miles per hour. The hourly average wind direction in Mandar throughout September is predominantly from the east, with a peak proportion of 61% on September 1. Water TemperatureMandar is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water. The average surface water temperature in Mandar is essentially constant during September, remaining around 82°F throughout. Growing SeasonDefinitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). Temperatures in Mandar are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms. We nevertheless include the chart below as an illustration of the distribution of temperatures experienced throughout the year. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. The average accumulated growing degree days in Mandar are very rapidly increasing during September, increasing by 913°F, from 1,892°F to 2,804°F, over the course of the month. Solar EnergyThis section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Mandar is essentially constant during September, remaining within 0.1 kWh of 6.8 kWh throughout. The highest average daily incident shortwave solar energy during September is 6.9 kWh on September 21. TopographyFor the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Mandar are -6.855 deg latitude, 115.255 deg longitude, and 36 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Mandar contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 390 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 68 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (961 feet). Within 50 miles also contains very significant variations in elevation (1,168 feet). The area within 2 miles of Mandar is covered by cropland (30%), water (29%), and trees (26%), within 10 miles by water (73%) and cropland (14%), and within 50 miles by water (97%). Data SourcesThis report illustrates the typical weather in Mandar, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Mandar is further than 200 kilometers from the nearest reliable weather station, so the weather-related data on this page were taken entirely from NASA's MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. The temperature and dew point estimates are corrected for the difference between the reference elevation of the MERRA-2 grid cell and the elevation of Mandar, according to the International Standard Atmosphere . All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database . Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com . Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors. DisclaimerThe information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. 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