January Weather in Makhachkala RussiaDaily high temperatures decrease by 3°F, from 41°F to 38°F, rarely falling below 29°F or exceeding 49°F. The lowest daily average high temperature is 38°F on January 30. Daily low temperatures decrease by 3°F, from 31°F to 28°F, rarely falling below 19°F or exceeding 38°F. The lowest daily average low temperature is 28°F on January 29. For reference, on July 30, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Makhachkala typically range from 70°F to 87°F, while on January 29, the coldest day of the year, they range from 28°F to 38°F. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on January. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. The Bronx, United States (5,597 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Makhachkala (view comparison). CloudsThe month of January in Makhachkala experiences essentially constant cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy remaining about 57% throughout the month. The clearest day of the month is January 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 44% of the time. For reference, on February 2, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 59%, while on July 29, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 87%. PrecipitationA wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Makhachkala, the chance of a wet day over the course of January is essentially constant, remaining around 12% throughout. For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 16% on October 28, and its lowest chance is 8% on March 22. Over the course of January in Makhachkala, the chance of a day with only rain decreases from 7% to 5%, the chance of a day with mixed snow and rain remains an essentially constant 2% throughout, and the chance of a day with only snow remains an essentially constant 3% throughout. RainfallTo show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day rainfall during January in Makhachkala is essentially constant, remaining about 0.4 inches throughout, and rarely exceeding 1.3 inches. SnowfallAs with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day snowfall during January in Makhachkala is gradually increasing, starting the month at 1.8 inches, when it rarely exceeds 4.8 inches or falls below -0.0 inches, and ending the month at 2.5 inches, when it rarely exceeds 7.1 inches or falls below -0.0 inches. SunOver the course of January in Makhachkala, the length of the day is increasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day increases by 49 minutes, implying an average daily increase of 1 minute, 39 seconds, and weekly increase of 11 minutes, 30 seconds. The shortest day of the month is January 1, with 9 hours, 4 minutes of daylight and the longest day is January 31, with 9 hours, 54 minutes of daylight. The latest sunrise of the month in Makhachkala is 7:21 AM on January 3 and the earliest sunrise is 15 minutes earlier at 7:06 AM on January 31. The earliest sunset is 4:25 PM on January 1 and the latest sunset is 35 minutes later at 5:00 PM on January 31. Daylight saving time is not observed in Makhachkala during 2024. For reference, on June 20, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 4:10 AM and sets 15 hours, 22 minutes later, at 7:32 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 7:18 AM and sets 9 hours, 0 minutes later, at 4:18 PM. The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation. MoonThe figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for January 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.
HumidityWe base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The chance that a given day will be muggy in Makhachkala is essentially constant during January, remaining around 0% throughout. For reference, on August 4, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 56% of the time, while on November 1, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time. WindThis section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed in Makhachkala is gradually increasing during January, increasing from 10.7 miles per hour to 11.3 miles per hour over the course of the month. For reference, on November 22, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 11.5 miles per hour, while on June 27, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 8.7 miles per hour. The hourly average wind direction in Makhachkala throughout January is predominantly from the east, with a peak proportion of 43% on January 31. Water TemperatureMakhachkala is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water. The average surface water temperature in Makhachkala is gradually decreasing during January, falling by 3°F, from 44°F to 41°F, over the course of the month. Growing SeasonDefinitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). The growing season in Makhachkala typically lasts for 7.8 months (238 days), from around March 26 to around November 19, rarely starting before March 8 or after April 13, and rarely ending before October 31 or after December 13. The month of January in Makhachkala is reliably fully outside of the growing season. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. The average accumulated growing degree days in Makhachkala are essentially constant during January, remaining around 0°F throughout. Solar EnergyThis section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Makhachkala is gradually increasing during January, rising by 0.6 kWh, from 1.6 kWh to 2.2 kWh, over the course of the month. TopographyFor the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Makhachkala are 42.976 deg latitude, 47.502 deg longitude, and 13 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Makhachkala contains very significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 1,001 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 45 feet. Within 10 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (3,025 feet). Within 50 miles contains large variations in elevation (9,029 feet). The area within 2 miles of Makhachkala is covered by artificial surfaces (45%), water (36%), and bare soil (11%), within 10 miles by water (41%) and grassland (20%), and within 50 miles by water (44%) and cropland (21%). Data SourcesThis report illustrates the typical weather in Makhachkala, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Temperature and Dew PointThere is only a single weather station, Uytash Airport, in our network suitable to be used as a proxy for the historical temperature and dew point records of Makhachkala. At a distance of 22 kilometers from Makhachkala, closer than our threshold of 150 kilometers, this station is deemed sufficiently nearby to be relied upon as our primary source for temperature and dew point records. The station records are corrected for the elevation difference between the station and Makhachkala according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations. Please note that the station records themselves may additionally have been back-filled using other nearby stations or the MERRA-2 reanalysis. Other DataAll data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus. All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database . Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com . Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors. DisclaimerThe information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader. Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page. |