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Summer 2019 Weather History at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport Philippines

This report shows the past weather for Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport, providing a weather history for the summer of 2019. It features all historical weather data series we have available, including the Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport temperature history for the summer of 2019. You can drill down from year to month and even day level reports by clicking on the graphs.

Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport Temperature History in the Summer of 2019

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Temperature history in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug65°F65°F70°F70°F75°F75°F80°F80°F85°F85°F90°F90°F95°F95°F100°F100°FSpringFall
The daily range of reported temperatures (gray bars) and 24-hour highs (red ticks) and lows (blue ticks), placed over the daily average high (faint red line) and low (faint blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

Hourly Temperature in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Hourly Temperature in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFallwarmhot
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The hourly reported temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
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Cloud Cover in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Cloud Cover in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
no significant cloudno cloud detectedceiling and visibility ok
The hourly reported cloud coverage, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.

Observed Weather in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Observed Weather in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
foghazedrizzlelight rainmoderate rainheavy rainfreezing rainsleetsnow grainslight snowmoderate snowheavy snowhailthunderstorm
The hourly observed weather, color coded by category (in order of severity). If multiple reports are present, the most severe code is shown.
DayObservationsPrecipitationCodes
Sun, Jun 2 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -SHRA
Mon, Jun 3 Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Showers in the VicinityVCTS, VCSH
Sat, Jun 8 Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Showers in the Vicinity-TSRA, VCSH
Sun, Jun 9 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Light RainRETS, TS, -TSRA, TSRA, -RA
Mon, Jun 10 Recent Thunderstorm, Recent Thunderstorm with Rain, Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRETS, RETSRA, TS, VCTS, -TSRA, RERA, RESHRA, -SHRA
Tue, Jun 11 Light Rain-RA
Wed, Jun 12 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -SHRA
Thu, Jun 13 Showers in the VicinityVCSH
Fri, Jun 14 Recent Thunderstorm with Rain, Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRETSRA, TS, -TSRA, RESHRA, -SHRA, VCSH
Sat, Jun 15 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRESHRA, -SHRA, VCSH
Sun, Jun 16 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRETS, -TSRA, RESHRA, -SHRA
Mon, Jun 17 Recent Thunderstorm with Rain, Thunderstorm with Heavy RainRETSRA, +TSRA
Thu, Jun 20 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Recent Rain, Showers in the VicinityRETS, TS, VCTS, -TSRA, RERA, VCSH
Fri, Jun 21 Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainVCTS, RESHRA, -SHRA
Sat, Jun 22 Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityVCTS, RESHRA, -SHRA, VCSH
Sun, Jun 23 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityTS, -TSRA, RESHRA, -SHRA, VCSH
Mon, Jun 24 Recent Thunderstorm with Rain, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRETSRA, +TSRA, TSRA, RESHRA, -SHRA
Tue, Jun 25 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRETS, VCTS, +TSRA, RA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Wed, Jun 26 Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, -RA, -SHRA
Thu, Jun 27 Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Fri, Jun 28 Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Sat, Jun 29 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRETS, -TSRA, RA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Sun, Jun 30 Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRERA, -RA, VCSH
Mon, Jul 1 Heavy Rain, Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the Vicinity+RA, RA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Tue, Jul 2 Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Thu, Jul 4 Mild Thunderstorm-TS
Sat, Jul 6 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -SHRA
Sun, Jul 7 Recent Thunderstorm with Rain, Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Thunderstorm with Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRETSRA, VCTS, TSRA, RESHRA, -SHRA, VCSH
Mon, Jul 8 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRESHRA, -SHRA, VCSH
Thu, Jul 11 Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRERA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Fri, Jul 12 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm, Haze, Showers in the VicinityRETS, TS, HZ, VCSH
Sat, Jul 13 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, HazeRETS, TS, +TSRA, -TSRA, -SHRA, HZ
Sun, Jul 14 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light RainRETS, TS, VCTS, -TSRA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA
Mon, Jul 15 Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Tue, Jul 16 Heavy Rain, Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain+RA, RA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Wed, Jul 17 Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Thu, Jul 18 Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA
Fri, Jul 19 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -SHRA
Mon, Jul 22 Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Tue, Jul 23 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Recent Rain, Light RainRETS, -TSRA, RERA, -RA
Wed, Jul 24 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRETS, TS, RERA, RESHRA, -SHRA
Thu, Jul 25 Thunderstorm with Light Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain-TSRA, TSRA
Fri, Jul 26 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -SHRA
Sat, Jul 27 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRETS, TS, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Sun, Jul 28 Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Mon, Jul 29 Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRESHRA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Tue, Jul 30 Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, -RA, -SHRA
Wed, Jul 31 Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRERA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Thu, Aug 1 Showers of Heavy Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain+SHRA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Fri, Aug 2 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRETS, TSRA, +RA, RA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA
Sat, Aug 3 Heavy Rain, Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain+RA, RA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Sun, Aug 4 Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Mon, Aug 5 Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRA, RERA, -RA, VCSH
Tue, Aug 6 Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA
Wed, Aug 7 Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA
Thu, Aug 8 Heavy Rain, Recent Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain+RA, RERA, SHRA, -RA
Fri, Aug 9 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRETS, TSRA, RA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA
Sat, Aug 10 Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, -RA, -SHRA
Sun, Aug 11 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -SHRA
Mon, Aug 12 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRESHRA, -SHRA, VCSH
Tue, Aug 13 Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, -RA, -SHRA
Sat, Aug 17 Recent Showers of RainRESHRA
Mon, Aug 19 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -SHRA
Tue, Aug 20 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -SHRA
Wed, Aug 21 Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Showers in the VicinityRERA, -RA, -SHRA, VCSH
Thu, Aug 22 Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Fri, Aug 23 Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Sat, Aug 24 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Heavy Rain, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRETS, +TSRA, +RA, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Sun, Aug 25 Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Heavy Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainVCTS, +RA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA
Mon, Aug 26 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm in the Vicinity, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRETS, VCTS, TSRA, RA, RERA, -RA, -SHRA
Tue, Aug 27 Recent Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, -RA, -SHRA
Wed, Aug 28 Recent Showers of Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -SHRA
Thu, Aug 29 Recent Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm, Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRETS, TS, RERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Fri, Aug 30 Recent Rain, Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRERA, RESHRA, -RA, -SHRA
Sat, Aug 31 Recent Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light RainRESHRA, -RA, -SHRA

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hrSpringFallJun 2112 hr, 59 minJun 2112 hr, 59 minnightnightdaydayAug 3112 hr, 25 minAug 3112 hr, 25 min
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall5:25 AM5:25 AMJun 26:21 PMJun 26:21 PM5:32 AM5:32 AMJul 96:29 PMJul 96:29 PM5:43 AM5:43 AMAug 316:08 PMAug 316:08 PM5:28 AM5:28 AMJun 216:27 PMJun 216:27 PM
The solar day over the course of the Summer of 2019. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall001020203030405050606070800010102030304040506060707080
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth in the the summer of 2019. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM4 AM4 AM8 AM8 AM12 PM12 PM4 PM4 PM8 PM8 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFallMay 56:46 AMMay 56:46 AMMay 195:12 AMMay 195:12 AMJun 36:03 PMJun 36:03 PMJun 174:31 PMJun 174:31 PMJul 33:17 AMJul 33:17 AMJul 175:39 AMJul 175:39 AMAug 111:12 AMAug 111:12 AMAug 158:30 PMAug 158:30 PMAug 306:38 PMAug 306:38 PMSep 1412:34 PMSep 1412:34 PMSep 292:27 AMSep 292:27 AM5:44 AM5:44 AM5:46 PM5:46 PM5:08 AM5:08 AM6:17 PM6:17 PM6:24 PM6:24 PM6:01 AM6:01 AM5:41 AM5:41 AM6:03 PM6:03 PM5:38 AM5:38 AM5:28 AM5:28 AM6:43 PM6:43 PM6:18 PM6:18 PM6:05 AM6:05 AM5:15 AM5:15 AM6:15 PM6:15 PM6:15 PM6:15 PM6:24 AM6:24 AM6:27 PM6:27 PM
The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Humidity Comfort Levels in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Humidity Comfort Levels in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The hourly reported humidity comfort level, categorized by dew point. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Wind Speed in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Wind Speed in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug0 mph0 mph20 mph20 mph40 mph40 mph60 mph60 mph80 mph80 mph100 mph100 mph120 mph120 mphSpringFall
The daily range of reported wind speeds (gray bars), with maximum gust speeds (red ticks).

Hourly Wind Speed in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Hourly Wind Speed in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
0 mph calm 1 mph light air 4 mph light breeze 8 mph gentle breeze 13 mph moderate breeze 18 mph fresh breeze 25 mph strong breeze 31 mph near gale 39 mph gale 47 mph strong gale 55 mph storm 64 mph violent storm 73 mph hurricane force
The hourly reported wind speed, color coded into bands according to the Beaufort scale. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Hourly Wind Direction in 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Hourly Wind Direction in 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
calmnortheastsouthwest
The hourly reported wind direction, color coded by compass point. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Atmospheric Pressure in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport

History:202320222021202020192018201720162015
Atmospheric Pressure in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug10 inHg10 inHg15 inHg15 inHg20 inHg20 inHg25 inHg25 inHg30 inHg30 inHgSpringFall
The daily range of atmospheric pressure (gray bars), as measured by the altimeter setting reported in e.g. a METAR report.

Reports by Month

Reports by Month at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport19401950196019701980199020002010202019451945194619461947194719491949195019501951195119521952195319531954195419551955195619561957195719581958195919591960196019611961196219621963196319731973197419741975197519761976197719771978197819791979198019801981198119821982198319831984198419851985198619861987198719881988198919891990199019911991199219921993199319941994199519951996199619971997199819981999199920002000200120012002200220032003200420042005200520062006200720072008200820092009201020102011201120122012201320132014201420152015201620162017201720182018201920192020202020212021202220222023202320242024
METARISDboth
The number of reports per month over the entire history of this station.

Number of Reports by Day in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport 2019

Number of Reports by Day in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug00242448487272SpringFall
regularspecialcorrection
The number of reports per day.

Reports by Hour in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport 2019

Reports by Hour in the Summer of 2019 at Ninoy Aquino Manila International AirportJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
regularspecialcorrection
Indication of what types of reports were recorded during each hour.

This report graphically illustrates the historical weather reports recorded by the weather station at Ninoy Aquino Manila International Airport in the summer of 2019.

METAR Reports

Airport weather stations throughout the world routinely issue METAR weather reports . Such reports are used by pilots, air traffic controllers, meteorologists, climatologists, and other researchers. They are published via radio transmission and on the internet. We have been collecting and archiving published METAR reports since 2011, and have found third-party sources for archived reports from years prior to that.

ISD Reports

The Integrated Surface Database (ISD), maintained and published by NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information , consists of hourly and synoptic weather reports from a variety of sources. We use ISD data to complement and backfill for our METAR archive.

Other Data

The sources for the averages shown in the daily temperature chart are discussed in greater detail on this station's Averages Report.

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

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The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

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