Summer 2010 Weather History at Joe Foss Field South Dakota, United States

This report shows the past weather for Joe Foss Field, providing a weather history for the summer of 2010. It features all historical weather data series we have available, including the Joe Foss Field temperature history for the summer of 2010. You can drill down from year to month and even day level reports by clicking on the graphs.

Joe Foss Field Temperature History in the Summer of 2010

Temperature history in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FSpringFall
The daily range of reported temperatures (gray bars) and 24-hour highs (red ticks) and lows (blue ticks), placed over the daily average high (faint red line) and low (faint blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

Hourly Temperature in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Hourly Temperature in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFallcoolwarmvery cold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The hourly reported temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
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Cloud Cover in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Cloud Cover in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
no significant cloudno cloud detectedceiling and visibility ok
The hourly reported cloud coverage, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.

Daily Precipitation in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Daily Precipitation in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug0 in0 in1 in1 in2 in2 in3 in3 in4 in4 inSpringFall
The daily measured quantity of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation.

Snow Depth in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Snow Depth in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug0.0 in0.0 in0.2 in0.2 in0.4 in0.4 in0.6 in0.6 in0.8 in0.8 in1.0 in1.0 in1.2 in1.2 inSpringFall
The daily measured snow depth, where available.

Observed Weather in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Observed Weather in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
foghazedrizzlelight rainmoderate rainheavy rainfreezing rainsleetsnow grainslight snowmoderate snowheavy snowhailthunderstorm
The hourly observed weather, color coded by category (in order of severity). If multiple reports are present, the most severe code is shown.
DayObservationsPrecipitationCodes
Tue, Jun 1 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Fog, Mist0.46 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80, IWC44, IWCA30, FG, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Thu, Jun 3 Light Rain0.00 inIWC61, IWCA61, -RA
Sat, Jun 5 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Mist0.13 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA62, IWC81, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Mon, Jun 7 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist0.19 inIWCA90, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA62, IWC81, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Tue, Jun 8 Light Rain, Mist0.06 inIWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Thu, Jun 10 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist1.22 inIWCA90, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC63, RA, IWC81, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Fri, Jun 11 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Fog, Mist0.72 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, TSRA, IWC95, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC81, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC44, IWCA30, FG, IWCA10, BR, IWC10
Sat, Jun 12 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist0.61 inIWCA90, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA62, IWC63, RA, IWC81, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Sun, Jun 13 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Light Drizzle, Mist0.24 inIWCA90, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA62, IWC63, RA, IWC81, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC51, IWCA51, -DZ, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Mon, Jun 14 Light Rain, Light Drizzle, Mist0.33 inIWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC51, IWCA51, -DZ, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Tue, Jun 15 Light Drizzle0.00 inIWC51, IWCA51, -DZ
Wed, Jun 16 Mist, Shallow Fog0.00 inIWC10, IWCA10, BR, IWC12, MIFG
Thu, Jun 17 Thunderstorm0.01 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS
Fri, Jun 18 Thunderstorm0.00 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS
Mon, Jun 21 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist1.33 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC63, RA, IWC81, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Tue, Jun 22 Thunderstorm0.00 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS
Wed, Jun 23 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Squalls, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist, Squall0.48 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC81, IWC18, IWCA18, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR, SQ
Thu, Jun 24 Shallow Fog0.00 inIWC12, MIFG
Fri, Jun 25 Thunderstorm0.00 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS
Sat, Jun 26 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist1.72 inIWCA90, TS, IWC17, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC81, IWCA61, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Sun, Jul 4 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Light Rain, Mist0.47 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWCA63, IWC65, +RA, IWC82, IWC63, IWCA62, RA, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Mon, Jul 5 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist, Patches of Fog0.80 inIWCA90, IWC17, IWC97, TSRA, IWC95, IWCA63, IWC82, IWC63, IWCA62, RA, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR, IWC41, IWCA31, BCFG
Tue, Jul 6 Patches of Fog, Shallow Fog0.00 inIWC41, IWCA31, BCFG, IWC12, MIFG
Wed, Jul 7 Thunderstorm, Light Rain0.00 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA
Sat, Jul 10 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain0.26 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA61, IWC80
Sun, Jul 11 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain0.09 inIWCA90, IWC95, TSRA, IWC63, IWCA62, RA, IWC81, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA
Wed, Jul 14 Light Rain0.00 inIWC61, IWCA61, -RA
Sat, Jul 17 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain0.00 inIWCA90, IWC95, IWCA61, IWC80
Sun, Jul 18 Light Rain0.00 inIWC61, IWCA61, -RA
Mon, Jul 19 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain0.09 inIWCA90, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA62, IWC81, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80
Wed, Jul 21 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist2.50 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC81, IWCA61, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Thu, Jul 22 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Mist0.48 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA62, IWC63, RA, IWC81, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Fri, Jul 23 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist0.29 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Tue, Jul 27 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Squalls, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist, Squall0.55 inIWCA90, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC81, IWC18, IWCA18, IWCA61, -RA, IWC61, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR, SQ
Wed, Jul 28 Light Rain0.07 inIWC61, IWCA61, -RA
Thu, Jul 29 Heavy Rain, Rain, Light Rain, Mist0.54 inIWC65, IWCA63, +RA, IWCA62, RA, IWC63, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWCA10, BR, IWC10
Fri, Jul 30 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist2.41 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC65, +RA, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC81, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Sat, Jul 31 Mist, Patches of Fog0.00 inIWC10, IWCA10, BR, IWC41, IWCA31, BCFG
Mon, Aug 2 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist1.55 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, TSRA, IWC95, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Tue, Aug 3 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist, Patches of Fog0.21 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC81, IWCA61, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR, IWC41, IWCA31, BCFG
Sun, Aug 8 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist, Patches of Fog0.11 inIWCA90, IWC17, TS, IWC95, IWCA61, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR, IWC41, IWCA31, BCFG
Mon, Aug 9 Fog, Mist, Patches of Fog0.00 inIWC44, IWCA30, FG, IWC10, IWCA10, BR, IWC41, IWCA31, BCFG
Tue, Aug 10 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist1.53 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC81, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Thu, Aug 12 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain0.49 inIWCA90, IWC97, IWC95, IWCA63, IWC82, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80
Fri, Aug 13 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain0.00 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC95, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC80
Thu, Aug 19 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist0.13 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA62, IWC81, IWCA61, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Fri, Aug 20 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain0.16 inIWCA90, IWC17, TS, IWC97, IWC95, IWCA63, IWC82, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC80
Sat, Aug 21 Haze, Fog, Mist, Patches of Fog, Sky-Obscuring Fog0.00 inIWC05, HZ, IWC44, IWCA30, FG, IWC10, IWCA10, BR, IWC41, IWC45
Mon, Aug 23 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist0.57 inIWCA90, IWC17, TS, IWC95, IWC65, IWCA63, +RA, IWC63, IWCA62, RA, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Mon, Aug 30 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist0.29 inIWC17, IWCA90, TS, IWC97, IWC95, IWCA63, IWC82, IWC61, IWCA61, -RA, IWC80, IWC10, IWCA10, BR
Tue, Aug 31 Thunderstorm, Thunderstorm with Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm with Rain, Heavy Rain, Showers of Heavy Rain, Rain, Showers of Rain, Light Rain, Showers of Light Rain, Mist1.11 inIWCA90, IWC97, IWC95, TSRA, IWCA63, IWC65, +RA, IWC82, IWCA62, IWC63, RA, IWC81, IWCA61, IWC61, -RA, IWC80, IWCA10, BR, IWC10

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hrSpringFallJun 2115 hr, 26 minJun 2115 hr, 26 minnightnightdaydayAug 3113 hr, 14 minAug 3113 hr, 14 min
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall5:45 AM5:45 AMJun 159:10 PMJun 159:10 PM6:49 AM6:49 AMAug 318:04 PMAug 318:04 PM
The solar day over the course of the Summer of 2010. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall0010202030304050606000101020303040405060
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth in the the summer of 2010. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug12 AM12 AM4 AM4 AM8 AM8 AM12 PM12 PM4 PM4 PM8 PM8 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFallMay 138:05 PMMay 138:05 PMMay 276:08 PMMay 276:08 PMJun 126:15 AMJun 126:15 AMJun 266:31 AMJun 266:31 AMJul 112:41 PMJul 112:41 PMJul 258:37 PMJul 258:37 PMAug 910:09 PMAug 910:09 PMAug 2412:05 PMAug 2412:05 PMSep 85:30 AMSep 85:30 AMSep 234:18 AMSep 234:18 AM5:24 AM5:24 AM8:53 PM8:53 PM9:11 PM9:11 PM6:03 AM6:03 AM9:46 PM9:46 PM8:52 PM8:52 PM5:47 AM5:47 AM5:36 AM5:36 AM9:10 PM9:10 PM8:42 PM8:42 PM6:46 AM6:46 AM8:15 PM8:15 PM7:36 PM7:36 PM6:42 AM6:42 AM7:17 AM7:17 AM7:38 PM7:38 PM6:45 PM6:45 PM7:37 AM7:37 AM
The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Humidity Comfort Levels in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Humidity Comfort Levels in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The hourly reported humidity comfort level, categorized by dew point. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Wind Speed in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Wind Speed in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug0 mph0 mph10 mph10 mph20 mph20 mph30 mph30 mph40 mph40 mph50 mph50 mph60 mph60 mphSpringFall
The daily range of reported wind speeds (gray bars), with maximum gust speeds (red ticks).

Hourly Wind Speed in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Hourly Wind Speed in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
0 mph calm 1 mph light air 4 mph light breeze 8 mph gentle breeze 13 mph moderate breeze 18 mph fresh breeze 25 mph strong breeze 31 mph near gale 39 mph gale 47 mph strong gale 55 mph storm 64 mph violent storm 73 mph hurricane force
The hourly reported wind speed, color coded into bands according to the Beaufort scale. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Hourly Wind Direction in 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Hourly Wind Direction in 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
calmnortheastsouthwest
The hourly reported wind direction, color coded by compass point. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Atmospheric Pressure in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field

Atmospheric Pressure in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug29.4 inHg29.4 inHg29.6 inHg29.6 inHg29.8 inHg29.8 inHg30.0 inHg30.0 inHg30.2 inHg30.2 inHg30.4 inHg30.4 inHgSpringFall
The daily range of atmospheric pressure (gray bars), as measured by the altimeter setting reported in e.g. a METAR report.

Number of Reports by Day in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field 2010

Number of Reports by Day in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug0024244848SpringFall
regularspecialcorrection
The number of reports per day.

Reports by Hour in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss Field 2010

Reports by Hour in the Summer of 2010 at Joe Foss FieldJunJulAug12 AM12 AM3 AM3 AM6 AM6 AM9 AM9 AM12 PM12 PM3 PM3 PM6 PM6 PM9 PM9 PM12 AM12 AMSpringFall
regularspecialcorrection
Indication of what types of reports were recorded during each hour.

This report graphically illustrates the historical weather reports recorded by the weather station at Joe Foss Field in the summer of 2010.

METAR Reports

Airport weather stations throughout the world routinely issue METAR weather reports . Such reports are used by pilots, air traffic controllers, meteorologists, climatologists, and other researchers. They are published via radio transmission and on the internet. We have been collecting and archiving published METAR reports since 2011, and have found third-party sources for archived reports from years prior to that.

ISD Reports

The Integrated Surface Database (ISD), maintained and published by NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information , consists of hourly and synoptic weather reports from a variety of sources. We use ISD data to complement and backfill for our METAR archive.

Other Data

The sources for the averages shown in the daily temperature chart are discussed in greater detail on this station's Averages Report.

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

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