1. WeatherSpark.com
  2. United States
  3. Arizona

Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Tucson Estates Arizona, United States

In Tucson Estates, the summers are sweltering, the winters are cold and dry, and it is mostly clear year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 40°F to 101°F and is rarely below 31°F or above 107°F.

Based on the beach/pool score, the best times of year to visit Tucson Estates for hot-weather activities are from early June to late July and from early August to late September.

Climate in Tucson Estates

comfortablewarmhotswelteringhotwarmJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow85%85%55%55%clearovercastprecipitation: 2.3 inprecipitation: 2.3 in0.1 in0.1 inmuggy: 21%muggy: 21%0%0%drydrybeach/pool score: 7.4beach/pool score: 7.40.30.3
Tucson Estates weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The hot season lasts for 3.7 months, from May 24 to September 15, with an average daily high temperature above 94°F. The hottest month of the year in Tucson Estates is July, with an average high of 99°F and low of 76°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.2 months, from November 21 to February 27, with an average daily high temperature below 72°F. The coldest month of the year in Tucson Estates is December, with an average low of 41°F and high of 65°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Tucson Estates

Average High and Low Temperature in Tucson EstateshotcoolcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°F110°F110°FDec 2664°FDec 2664°FJun 27101°FJun 27101°F40°F40°F74°F74°FMay 2494°FMay 2494°FSep 1594°FSep 1594°FFeb 2772°FFeb 2772°F64°F64°F70°F70°F46°F46°F45°F45°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 66°F69°F76°F83°F91°F100°F99°F97°F94°F85°F74°F65°F
Temp. 52°F55°F61°F68°F77°F86°F87°F85°F81°F71°F59°F51°F
Low 41°F44°F48°F54°F62°F71°F76°F74°F69°F59°F48°F41°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in Tucson Estates

Average Hourly Temperature in Tucson EstatesJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowvery coldcoldcoldcoldcoldcoolcoolcomfortablewarmhotswelteringcomfortablevery cold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Al ‘Azīzīyah, Libya (6,677 miles away); Tabuk, Saudi Arabia (7,751 miles); and Kotli, Pakistan (7,894 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Tucson Estates (view comparison).

Map
Marker
© OpenStreetMap contributors

Compare Tucson Estates to another city:

Map

In Tucson Estates, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Tucson Estates begins around March 15 and lasts for 3.7 months, ending around July 6.

The clearest month of the year in Tucson Estates is June, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 83% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around July 6 and lasts for 8.3 months, ending around March 15.

The cloudiest month of the year in Tucson Estates is July, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 38% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in Tucson Estates

Cloud Cover Categories in Tucson EstatesclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jun 1285%Jun 1285%Jul 2955%Jul 2955%Mar 1570%Mar 1570%NowNowclearovercastmostly clearpartly cloudy
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 35%37%29%24%21%17%38%37%20%20%28%33%
Clearer 65%63%71%76%79%83%62%63%80%80%72%67%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Tucson Estates varies significantly throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 2.1 months, from July 3 to September 8, with a greater than 23% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Tucson Estates is August, with an average of 12.0 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 9.9 months, from September 8 to July 3. The month with the fewest wet days in Tucson Estates is May, with an average of 1.1 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Tucson Estates is August, with an average of 12.0 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 43% on August 3.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Tucson Estates

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Tucson EstateswetdrydryJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Aug 343%Aug 343%May 193%May 193%Jul 323%Jul 323%Sep 823%Sep 823%NowNowrain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 3.7d3.5d2.9d1.5d1.1d2.5d10.8d12.0d5.4d2.8d2.5d4.0d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Tucson Estates experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 9.5 months, from June 18 to April 1, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The month with the most rain in Tucson Estates is August, with an average rainfall of 2.1 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 2.5 months, from April 1 to June 18. The month with the least rain in Tucson Estates is May, with an average rainfall of 0.1 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in Tucson Estates

The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 1.0″1.0″0.7″0.3″0.1″0.4″2.0″2.1″1.2″0.7″0.7″1.1″

The length of the day in Tucson Estates varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 10 hours, 2 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 14 hours, 16 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Tucson Estates

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Tucson EstatesJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 7 minMar 1912 hr, 7 minMar 1914 hr, 16 minJun 2014 hr, 16 minJun 2012 hr, 9 minSep 2212 hr, 9 minSep 2210 hr, 2 minDec 2110 hr, 2 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 10.3h11.1h12.0h13.0h13.8h14.2h14.0h13.3h12.3h11.3h10.5h10.1h

The earliest sunrise is at 5:17 AM on June 11, and the latest sunrise is 2 hours, 9 minutes later at 7:26 AM on January 8. The earliest sunset is at 5:19 PM on December 2, and the latest sunset is 2 hours, 16 minutes later at 7:34 PM on June 29.

Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Tucson Estates during 2024.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in Tucson Estates

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in Tucson EstatesJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJun 115:17 AMJun 115:17 AM7:34 PMJun 297:34 PMJun 29Dec 25:19 PMDec 25:19 PM7:26 AMJan 87:26 AMJan 8daynightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Tucson Estates

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in Tucson EstatesJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM000010101010202020203030303040404050505060607080000010101010202020203030303040404050506060707034NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in Tucson Estates

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Tucson Estates experiences some seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 2.7 months, from June 28 to September 19, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 5% of the time. The month with the most muggy days in Tucson Estates is August, with 6.0 days that are muggy or worse.

The least muggy day of the year is March 13, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.

Humidity Comfort Levels in Tucson Estates

Humidity Comfort Levels in Tucson EstatesmuggyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Mar 130%Mar 130%Aug 1321%Aug 1321%Jun 285%Jun 285%Sep 195%Sep 195%muggymuggyhumidhumiddrydrycomfortablecomfortable
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.5d4.3d6.0d2.2d0.1d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Tucson Estates experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 9.4 months, from September 23 to July 3, with average wind speeds of more than 7.1 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in Tucson Estates is April, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.7 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 2.7 months, from July 3 to September 23. The calmest month of the year in Tucson Estates is August, with an average hourly wind speed of 5.6 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in Tucson Estates

Average Wind Speed in Tucson EstateswindywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mph14 mph14 mph16 mph16 mphApr 298.8 mphApr 298.8 mphAug 115.4 mphAug 115.4 mphSep 237.1 mphSep 237.1 mphJul 37.1 mphJul 37.1 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 8.48.28.38.78.68.06.35.66.77.68.28.4

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Tucson Estates varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the west for 6.8 months, from February 20 to September 13, with a peak percentage of 52% on June 14. The wind is most often from the south for 1.6 weeks, from September 13 to September 24, with a peak percentage of 29% on September 21. The wind is most often from the east for 4.9 months, from September 24 to February 20, with a peak percentage of 45% on January 1.

Wind Direction in Tucson Estates

Wind Direction in Tucson EstatesEWSEJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowwestsoutheastnorth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Tucson Estates throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Tucson Estates for general outdoor tourist activities are from late April to mid June and from early September to mid October, with a peak score in the last week of September.

Tourism Score in Tucson Estates

Tourism Score in Tucson Estatesbest timebest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810107.47.42.22.27.37.35.35.3NowNow cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Tucson Estates for hot-weather activities are from early June to late July and from early August to late September, with a peak score in the last week of June.

Beach/Pool Score in Tucson Estates

Beach/Pool Score in Tucson Estatesbest timebest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810107.47.40.30.37.27.26.76.7NowNow cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Tucson Estates typically lasts for 10 months (309 days), from around January 31 to around December 5, rarely starting after March 4, or ending before November 17.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Tucson Estates

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in Tucson Estatesgrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%50%Jan 3150%Jan 3150%Dec 550%Dec 590%Mar 490%Mar 490%Nov 1790%Nov 1717%Dec 3117%Dec 31Jul 17100%Jul 17100%NowNowvery coldcoldcoolwarmhotswelteringcomfortablefreezing
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Tucson Estates should appear around January 19, only rarely appearing before January 14 or after January 26.

Growing Degree Days in Tucson Estates

Growing Degree Days in Tucson EstatesJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F1,000°F1,000°F2,000°F2,000°F3,000°F3,000°F4,000°F4,000°F5,000°F5,000°F6,000°F6,000°F7,000°F7,000°FJan 1990°FJan 1990°FApr 11900°FApr 11900°FMay 221,800°FMay 221,800°FDec 316,937°FDec 316,937°FNowNow
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 2.6 months, from April 15 to July 4, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 7.5 kWh. The brightest month of the year in Tucson Estates is June, with an average of 8.3 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.1 months, from November 4 to February 8, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 4.4 kWh. The darkest month of the year in Tucson Estates is December, with an average of 3.4 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Tucson Estates

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in Tucson EstatesbrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWh10 kWh10 kWhJun 78.6 kWhJun 78.6 kWhDec 233.4 kWhDec 233.4 kWhApr 157.5 kWhApr 157.5 kWhNov 44.4 kWhNov 44.4 kWhFeb 84.4 kWhFeb 84.4 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 3.74.76.17.58.28.36.96.36.15.24.03.4

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Tucson Estates are 32.188 deg latitude, -111.091 deg longitude, and 2,644 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Tucson Estates contains very significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 1,703 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 2,748 feet. Within 10 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (2,461 feet). Within 50 miles contains large variations in elevation (7,897 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Tucson Estates is covered by shrubs (94%), within 10 miles by shrubs (88%) and artificial surfaces (10%), and within 50 miles by shrubs (88%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in Tucson Estates, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 2 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Tucson Estates.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Tucson Estates according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at Tucson Estates is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Tucson Estates and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of Tucson Estates and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.