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Climate and Average Weather Year Round in İstanbul Turkey

In İstanbul, the summers are warm, humid, dry, and clear and the winters are long, cold, windy, and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 38°F to 85°F and is rarely below 30°F or above 90°F.

Based on the beach/pool score, the best time of year to visit İstanbul for hot-weather activities is from late June to late August.

Climate in İstanbul

coldcoolwarmcoolcoldJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecNowNow96%96%42%42%clearovercastprecipitation: 2.9 inprecipitation: 2.9 in0.6 in0.6 inmuggy: 48%muggy: 48%0%0%drydrybeach/pool score: 9.0beach/pool score: 9.00.00.0
İstanbul weather by month. Click on each chart for more information.

The warm season lasts for 3.1 months, from June 9 to September 13, with an average daily high temperature above 77°F. The hottest month of the year in İstanbul is August, with an average high of 83°F and low of 70°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.9 months, from November 28 to March 24, with an average daily high temperature below 55°F. The coldest month of the year in İstanbul is February, with an average low of 39°F and high of 48°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in İstanbul

Average High and Low Temperature in İstanbulwarmcoolcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F10°F10°F20°F20°F30°F30°F40°F40°F50°F50°F60°F60°F70°F70°F80°F80°F90°F90°F100°F100°FFeb 647°FFeb 647°FJul 3185°FJul 3185°F38°F38°F71°F71°FJun 977°FJun 977°FSep 1377°FSep 1377°FNov 2855°FNov 2855°FMar 2455°FMar 2455°F63°F63°F64°F64°F46°F46°F43°F43°FNowNow
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
AverageJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High 48°F48°F53°F61°F70°F79°F83°F83°F77°F67°F58°F51°F
Temp. 43°F43°F47°F54°F63°F72°F76°F77°F70°F62°F53°F47°F
Low 39°F39°F42°F48°F56°F65°F69°F70°F63°F56°F49°F43°F

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Average Hourly Temperature in İstanbul

Average Hourly Temperature in İstanbulJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AMNowNowvery coldvery coldcoldcoldcoolcoolcomfortablewarmvery cold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

Jeju City, South Korea (5,103 miles away); Matsue, Japan (5,300 miles); and Atami, Japan (5,568 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to İstanbul (view comparison).

Map
Marker
© OpenStreetMap contributors

Compare İstanbul to another city:

Map

In İstanbul, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in İstanbul begins around May 25 and lasts for 4.2 months, ending around October 1.

The clearest month of the year in İstanbul is July, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 95% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around October 1 and lasts for 7.8 months, ending around May 25.

The cloudiest month of the year in İstanbul is December, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 57% of the time.

Cloud Cover Categories in İstanbul

Cloud Cover Categories in İstanbulclearercloudiercloudierJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%Jul 2596%Jul 2596%Dec 1342%Dec 1342%May 2569%May 2569%Oct 170%Oct 170%NowNowclearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
FractionJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cloudier 55%56%52%46%34%18%5%7%21%40%50%57%
Clearer 45%44%48%54%66%82%95%93%79%60%50%43%

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in İstanbul varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 6.9 months, from October 1 to April 30, with a greater than 19% chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in İstanbul is December, with an average of 9.5 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 5.1 months, from April 30 to October 1. The month with the fewest wet days in İstanbul is July, with an average of 2.3 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in İstanbul is December, with an average of 9.1 days. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 31% on December 12.

Daily Chance of Precipitation in İstanbul

Daily Chance of Precipitation in İstanbulwetwetdryJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Dec 1232%Dec 1232%Jul 117%Jul 117%Oct 119%Oct 119%Apr 3019%Apr 3019%NowNowrainmixed
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Days ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rain 7.6d6.4d6.8d6.2d5.0d4.2d2.3d2.9d4.4d6.5d7.9d9.1d
Mixed 0.6d0.6d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.3d
Snow 0.2d0.3d0.1d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.1d
Any 8.4d7.3d7.0d6.2d5.0d4.2d2.3d2.9d4.4d6.5d7.9d9.5d

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. İstanbul experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

Rain falls throughout the year in İstanbul. The month with the most rain in İstanbul is December, with an average rainfall of 2.8 inches.

The month with the least rain in İstanbul is July, with an average rainfall of 0.6 inches.

Average Monthly Rainfall in İstanbul

Average Monthly Rainfall in İstanbulJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in1 in1 in2 in2 in3 in3 in4 in4 in5 in5 in6 in6 inDec 82.9 inDec 82.9 inJul 210.6 inJul 210.6 inNowNow
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Rainfall 2.3″1.9″1.8″1.5″1.1″1.0″0.6″0.7″1.3″2.2″2.6″2.8″

Snowfall

As with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. İstanbul experiences some seasonal variation in monthly snowfall.

The snowy period of the year lasts for 1.1 months, from January 26 to February 29, with a sliding 31-day snowfall of at least 1.0 inches. The month with the most snow in İstanbul is February, with an average snowfall of 1.4 inches.

The snowless period of the year lasts for 11 months, from February 29 to January 26. The least snow falls around July 24, with an average total accumulation of 0.0 inches.

Average Monthly Snowfall in İstanbul

Average Monthly Snowfall in İstanbulsnowJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 in0 in1 in1 in2 in2 in3 in3 in4 in4 in5 in5 in6 in6 inFeb 151.4 inFeb 151.4 inJul 240.0 inJul 240.0 inNowNow
The average snowfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average rainfall.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Snowfall 0.8″1.4″0.3″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.0″0.3″

The length of the day in İstanbul varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 13 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 20, with 15 hours, 8 minutes of daylight.

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in İstanbul

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in İstanbulJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hr12 hr, 7 minMar 2012 hr, 7 minMar 2015 hr, 8 minJun 2015 hr, 8 minJun 2012 hr, 9 minSep 2212 hr, 9 minSep 229 hr, 13 minDec 219 hr, 13 minDec 21nightnightdayNowNow
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
Hours ofJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Daylight 9.6h10.6h12.0h13.3h14.5h15.1h14.8h13.7h12.4h11.1h9.9h9.3h

The earliest sunrise is at 5:31 AM on June 14, and the latest sunrise is 2 hours, 58 minutes later at 8:29 AM on January 4. The earliest sunset is at 5:35 PM on December 7, and the latest sunset is 3 hours, 5 minutes later at 8:40 PM on June 27.

Daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in İstanbul during 2024.

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in İstanbul

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in İstanbulJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJun 145:31 AMJun 145:31 AM8:40 PMJun 278:40 PMJun 27Dec 75:35 PMDec 75:35 PM8:29 AMJan 48:29 AMJan 4daynightnightnightnightSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunsetNowNow
The solar day over the course of the year 2024. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.

The figure below presents a compact representation of the sun's elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon) and azimuth (its compass bearing) for every hour of every day in the reporting period. The horizontal axis is the day of the year and the vertical axis is the hour of the day. For a given day and hour of that day, the background color indicates the azimuth of the sun at that moment. The black isolines are contours of constant solar elevation.

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in İstanbul

Solar Elevation and Azimuth in İstanbulJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec12 AM12 AM2 AM2 AM4 AM4 AM6 AM6 AM8 AM8 AM10 AM10 AM12 PM12 PM2 PM2 PM4 PM4 PM6 PM6 PM8 PM8 PM10 PM10 PM12 AM12 AM0000101010102020202030303030404050506060700000101010102020202030303040405050602672NowNow
northeastsouthwest
Solar elevation and azimuth over the course of the year 2024. The black lines are lines of constant solar elevation (the angle of the sun above the horizon, in degrees). The background color fills indicate the azimuth (the compass bearing) of the sun. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries of the cardinal compass points indicate the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for 2024. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases.

Moon Rise, Set & Phases in İstanbul

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

İstanbul experiences significant seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 3.0 months, from June 15 to September 15, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 12% of the time. The month with the most muggy days in İstanbul is August, with 12.7 days that are muggy or worse.

The least muggy day of the year is February 21, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.

Humidity Comfort Levels in İstanbul

Humidity Comfort Levels in İstanbulmuggyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%90%90%100%100%Feb 210%Feb 210%Aug 448%Aug 448%Jun 1512%Jun 1512%Sep 1512%Sep 1512%NowNowmuggymuggyhumidhumiddrydrycomfortablecomfortableoppressiveoppressive
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Muggy days 0.0d0.0d0.0d0.0d0.2d3.9d11.3d12.7d3.9d0.6d0.0d0.0d

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in İstanbul experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 8.7 months, from July 6 to March 28, with average wind speeds of more than 10.2 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in İstanbul is February, with an average hourly wind speed of 11.7 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 3.3 months, from March 28 to July 6. The calmest month of the year in İstanbul is May, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.8 miles per hour.

Average Wind Speed in İstanbul

Average Wind Speed in İstanbulwindywindyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 mph0 mph2 mph2 mph4 mph4 mph6 mph6 mph8 mph8 mph10 mph10 mph12 mph12 mph14 mph14 mph16 mph16 mph18 mph18 mph20 mph20 mphFeb 411.9 mphFeb 411.9 mphMay 308.5 mphMay 308.5 mphMar 2810.2 mphMar 2810.2 mphNowNow
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Wind Speed (mph) 11.511.711.09.58.89.010.811.710.810.910.911.4

The predominant average hourly wind direction in İstanbul varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the east for 1.8 months, from August 31 to October 26 and for 1.0 weeks, from November 11 to November 18, with a peak percentage of 44% on September 2. The wind is most often from the north for 2.3 weeks, from October 26 to November 11 and for 9.2 months, from November 24 to August 31, with a peak percentage of 35% on October 26. The wind is most often from the south for 6.0 days, from November 18 to November 24, with a peak percentage of 29% on November 21.

Wind Direction in İstanbul

Wind Direction in İstanbulNENNJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%NowNowsouthnortheastwest
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).

İstanbul is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The average water temperature experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The time of year with warmer water lasts for 3.4 months, from June 16 to September 29, with an average temperature above 70°F. The month of the year in İstanbul with the warmest water is August, with an average temperature of 75°F.

The time of year with cooler water lasts for 3.9 months, from December 17 to April 15, with an average temperature below 52°F. The month of the year in İstanbul with the coolest water is February, with an average temperature of 46°F.

Average Water Temperature in İstanbul

Average Water Temperature in İstanbulwarmcoolJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec40°F40°F45°F45°F50°F50°F55°F55°F60°F60°F65°F65°F70°F70°F75°F75°F80°F80°FAug 975°FAug 975°F46°FFeb 1746°FFeb 17Jun 1670°FJun 1670°FSep 2970°FSep 2970°FDec 1752°FDec 1752°FApr 1552°FApr 1552°FNowNow
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
WaterJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Temperature 48°F46°F47°F52°F60°F69°F74°F75°F72°F66°F58°F52°F

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in İstanbul throughout the year, we compute two travel scores.

The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit İstanbul for general outdoor tourist activities is from late May to late September, with a peak score in the last week of June.

Tourism Score in İstanbul

Tourism Score in İstanbulbest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810108.48.40.50.58.48.47.77.7NowNow cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationtourism score
The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit İstanbul for hot-weather activities is from late June to late August, with a peak score in the last week of July.

Beach/Pool Score in İstanbul

Beach/Pool Score in İstanbulbest timeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec002244668810109.09.00.00.0NowNow cloudscloudsprecipitationprecipitationbeach/pool score
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).

Methodology

For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed.

Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies.

Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more.

Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter.

Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter.

Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in İstanbul typically lasts for 10 months (303 days), from around February 24 to around December 23, rarely starting after March 20, or ending before November 30.

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in İstanbul

Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in İstanbulgrowing seasonJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%50%Feb 2450%Feb 2450%Dec 2350%Dec 2390%Mar 2090%Mar 2090%Nov 3090%Nov 3012%Jan 1612%Jan 16Jul 23100%Jul 23100%NowNowvery coldcoldcoolcomfortablewarmhotfreezing
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in İstanbul should appear around March 24, only rarely appearing before February 25 or after April 21.

Growing Degree Days in İstanbul

Growing Degree Days in İstanbulJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0°F0°F500°F500°F1,000°F1,000°F1,500°F1,500°F2,000°F2,000°F2,500°F2,500°F3,000°F3,000°F3,500°F3,500°F4,000°F4,000°F4,500°F4,500°FMar 2478°FMar 2478°FJun 12900°FJun 12900°FJul 191,800°FJul 191,800°FDec 314,108°FDec 314,108°F
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.4 months, from May 8 to August 21, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 6.6 kWh. The brightest month of the year in İstanbul is July, with an average of 7.7 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.6 months, from October 28 to February 18, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 2.8 kWh. The darkest month of the year in İstanbul is December, with an average of 1.6 kWh.

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in İstanbul

Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in İstanbulbrightdarkdarkJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec0 kWh0 kWh1 kWh1 kWh2 kWh2 kWh3 kWh3 kWh4 kWh4 kWh5 kWh5 kWh6 kWh6 kWh7 kWh7 kWh8 kWh8 kWh9 kWh9 kWhJul 67.9 kWhJul 67.9 kWhDec 221.5 kWhDec 221.5 kWhMay 86.6 kWhMay 86.6 kWhAug 216.6 kWhAug 216.6 kWhOct 282.8 kWhOct 282.8 kWhFeb 182.8 kWhFeb 182.8 kWhNowNow
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Solar Energy (kWh) 1.82.74.05.56.87.67.76.85.23.42.21.6

For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of İstanbul are 41.014 deg latitude, 28.950 deg longitude, and 128 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of İstanbul contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 322 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 90 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (932 feet). Within 50 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (4,301 feet).

The area within 2 miles of İstanbul is covered by artificial surfaces (69%) and water (22%), within 10 miles by artificial surfaces (47%) and water (36%), and within 50 miles by water (58%) and trees (22%).

This report illustrates the typical weather in İstanbul, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

Temperature and Dew Point

There are 2 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in İstanbul.

For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and İstanbul according to the International Standard Atmosphere , and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations.

The estimated value at İstanbul is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between İstanbul and a given station.

The stations contributing to this reconstruction are:

To get a sense of how much these sources agree with each other, you can view a comparison of İstanbul and the stations that contribute to our estimates of its temperature history and climate. Please note that each source's contribution is adjusted for elevation and the relative change present in the MERRA-2 data.

Other Data

All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Algorithms 2nd Edition , by Jean Meeus.

All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.

Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .

Time zones for airports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .

Maps are © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Disclaimer

The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.

We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.

Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page.